Re: Why the bleep dunk these things in salt water?
existing dams and the U.S. Great Lakes are good categories, so long as unfriendly gummints and wacky enviro-activists don't drag the process out to infinity with continuous lawsuits, protests, cancel culture, etc..
If things get to THAT point, sea water (vs fresh) is less of a problem. It would be a matter of doing anything at ALL. And that goes DOUBLE for anything attempted in Cali-F-U . (these are very realistic concerns; years of permitting, protests, legal challenges, etc. can easily kill ANY new construction -project by draining its funds before a single concrete slab gets poured or brick gets laid)
Worth pointing out, barnacles are found close to the surface where the plankton is. So down where it is dark (below about 75 meters), it would be less of a problem. In fact, MOST of the sea growth that can clog up cooling systems is generally found close to the surface.
Also worth pointing out, water pressure increases about 1psi per 2 feet. I do not know what that is in metric, as I observed it while I was on a sub in the U.S. Navy where everything was still in feet and psi (etc.). But the deeper you go the stronger the vessel needs to be. You COULD pressurize it with air, but you do not want the equivalent of a diesel engine at depth going off when pressure meets anything with hydrocarbons and electricity, so it would have to be something inert (like Nitrogen gas). That adds more expense. It makes shallower water look a lot better.