Posts by GrapeBunch

Wanna tap 3 million phone calls? All it takes is one measly warrant

Re: Wrong numbers

I still think 39% may be overstatement. Conversations involve at least two people. So each successful wiretap investigation should result in 2 or more convictions. Given that they're not shy about charging people only peripherally involved (don't hose down that car, you might get nicked for aiding and abetting a bank robbery after the fact), the figure should be much much lower.

To a previous poster, there are dry countries such as Saudi Arabia, but I think you mean dry counties. </pedantic> That's why they tap us, right, to catch pedants? "I'll show you your rights."

Re: War on drugs?

I'm sure we've had the Canadian equivalent of shootouts and murder over coffee. Angry looks, raised voices.

Here is the transcript of a conversation found to be non-incriminating:

"I've got it." "Expect a visitor."

And the redacted transcript of a conversation found to be incriminating:

"Did you see [a TV reality show]?" "Yeah, those [deprecatory adjective] [deprecatory noun]. [Copulatory verb] 'em. [Copulatory verb] 'em all."

Crime: Counselling sexual acts with adults not responsible by reason of mental deficiency.

Mine's the shovel with two kilograms of ash.

Dead serious: How to haunt people after you've gone... using your smartphone

Alexa, buy local newspaper.

Alexa, look in obit section.

Alexa, am I there?

If yes, trigger [doomsday machine]

Else, make coffee;

Repeat daily 7 am until [doomsday machine].

Just sayin', another way to get away with stuff is to become terminally ill with an expiry date. If you commit a messy crime but have only two months to live, will they even bother to try you?

Also, it seems in the interest of the company to deliver none of the messages. If a message is damaging, they might get caught up in messy legal muck. "We just did what we were told" may not cut it. Contrariwise, the person to sue them for non-delivery is a dead hand. And foot. IANALBIPADOOOTI

Photobucket says photo-f**k-it, starts off-site image shakedown

( ! )

Colleagues south of 49 may say that the remedy to: bait and switch, is: point and shoot. Or not.

In the old-fashioned world of web pages, the move would be fairly easy, with a bulk search and replace of /oldserver.com/funnydirectory with /newserver.com/seriousdirectory, then re-up the pages. Old days, old ways.

Spies do spying, part 97: The CIA has a tool to track targets via Wi-Fi

Re: Misuse

egészségedre!

Europol, FBI, UK's NCA ride out to Ukraine's cavalry call

I like to think of it as h

It's not cyberterrorism if there's a state behind it. It might be an act of war. We know that one state is behind it, USA, in the form of its NSA. But USA are merely the creators of the weapon. As everyone knows, the hardware (which is actually software, but indulge me) vendor is not responsible, even when the hardware is used against an unintended target, according to international law as arranged by hardware vendors. It's not stated explicitly, but many are suspecting Russia of revamping the hardware they were handed.

Looking for an Ubuntu Unity close cousin? Elementary, my dear...

Re: Open source users *are* freetards

Maybe there should be a Freetard Foundation, benefiting authors of free software. Freetards could donate or even leave money in their Wills. By then it's too late to complain, pointless to hold back. There can be no update, so far as Freetard X is concerned. The foundation would take care of different pay-in methods, tax receipts (if appropriate), apportioning. The money could go either to specified authors (these would probably not earn a charitable donation receipt) or to a generalized fund based on need. Bigger complication is the multiple jurisdictions. And of course you'd need careful rules so that Google, Amazon, MS, Apple etc couldn't start claiming funds. Some authors are adamant that they should not be paid and that too needs to be accommodated.

There may be a need for such an overarching foundation even at more organized levels. For example, people all over the world are interested in helping the Internet Archive (especially after they fix the bug where pages are hidden due to a post hoc robots.txt that has a completely different purpose), but they are a charitable donation only in the USA.

None of this will help the poster, but oh well.

Search results suddenly missing from Google? Well, BLAME CANADA!

Turnabout is fair play.

I welcome this ruling, because discussion about it will start discussion about extraterritoriality. USA arrogates its laws in many fields and jurisdictions, including inside Canada. The discussion might not come to anything because they pwn nukes and all your data. But oh well.

Australian govt promises to push Five Eyes nations to break encryption

Re: Conspiracy theory...

In a recent study of White Rhinos, researchers used fake poos to influence the herd. QED.

Anthem to shell out $115m in largest-ever data theft settlement

Re: "a full third of the package [..] has been earmarked to cover attorney fees"

Anthelmintic resistance. The lawyers have been in the gut of Justice, doing what they do, for so long that, even though we know what they're doing, they just do what they want, ethical outrage has no effect.

Anthem, Anthelmintic, pure happenstance. Just a memory aid.

In the generalized case, class action lawyers who agree to a modest settlement with substantial full-rate fees to themselves from said settlement, could turn around and also receive under-the-table kickbacks from the wrongdoer (oops, they never admit they goofed). The settlement is a "negotiation" where only one side of the dispute is at the table. I wonder if the Panama Papers have been scanned with an eye to this sort of possibility, though maybe even Secret Banking is considered too open for such a transaction. Even if such happened only once: comped privileges at a country club or wholesale pricing of a company's product; it is a monstrous breach of trust.

Kickbacks or none, courts, which are good at picking holes in and nullifying poorly thought-out legislation, are overdue for retooling the class action aspect of their own existence. IANALBIPOOTI.

It's not just about the money ...

About $1 per person, after deductions. I'd say the emotional trauma is worth a lot more than that, per person, even if no identity theft was in fact perpetrated. A modest settlement.

Florida Man to be fined $1.25 per robocall... all 96 million of them

I'd like to see the Conservative Party of Canada fined 11,000 yankee dollars for every dodgy robocall made on their behalf in the 2011 federal election. Search terms: "robocall scandal".

Knock knock

Who's there?

TripAdvisor

Trip Advisor who?

TripAdvisor Hoo is where the dark ages Suck sons buried their gold, and I did too.

I could probably go on for hours, but you get the idea. I call Time on knock knock jokes.

Knock knock

Who's there?

NSA

Look, matie, either I'm Scottish or I'm Canadian, not both. So fuck off with your Innis, eh?

Tech giants flash Russia their code blueprints in exchange for access

Much ado

USA could certainly prohibit companies from showing Russians NSA source code, but when the code is not supposed to be there in the first place, I suppose that presents a logical conundrum. The original code could be clean, but spying could be present in firmware or software upgrades. I presume that the Russians are allowed to compile the source to make sure that it is byte-identical to the distributed code. I'm not sure that the clean room thing is much help. Russian "programmers" could memorize the code, even tens of thousands of lines, and reproduce it later. Hell, Britain has memorizers who could do the same. That's if you don't want hidden or skull-embedded cameras or screen sensing (which preceded wardriving as a hobby).

Putting aside attempts to game the outcome, I admire the Russians' chutzpah in calling the TLAs' bluff. It's a propaganda win for them, even if it has nil practical worth.

Heaps of Windows 10 internal builds, private source code leak online

Mischief aside, this might be useful. 1. MS is famous for "undocumented features" which back in the day favoured its own apps. Will this release see the documentation of all undocumented features? 2. other OSes are at a disadvantage because MS + manufacturer release Windows-only drivers. With source to said drivers, will it now be a walk in the park for the other OSes?

Honda plant in Japan briefly stops making cars after fresh WannaCrypt outbreak

So ... using modest imagination and not detective work as there's insufficient information and at a distance of thousands of miles ... they might have been running something Really Secure (TM) as their OS, but put a Virtual instance of something Not Secure (no trademark necessary) to run a vital piece of legacy software. It would explain an original WannaCry, and the quick recovery. Only 24 hours, so no Karōshi (過労死).

It's been alluded to before, but perhaps the automotive IT people did prevent WannaCry by turning off some OS service. Perhaps they even compiled a batch / registry file to ensure that all unwanted OS services were still turned off after an OS update. Perhaps said update happened unexpectedly. Perhaps nobody was there to disconnect networking while the update was in process. Perhaps Coupling.

IBM's contractor crackdown continues: Survivors refusing pay cut have hours reduced

Life after DIC

Time to brush up your EBCDIC, retirement compadres, for a new career as a very private consultant!

Migrating to Microsoft's cloud: What they won't tell you, what you need to know

Re: Bosses who don't understand IT and the cloud

"...but again he refused so they refused to do the migration and terminated the support contract. "

That might have been a Life Lesson for me. In my line (not IT), I would sometimes get clients who asked for / insisted on things that I knew Would Not Work™. Especially when the "client" was a committee. I never needed the work to feed my family etc, so "terminate the contract" was there as a resort. But one tends to think that the client is a helpless lamb whom one can save from the full consequences of one or more brainless idea(s). And if one doesn't save that poor lamb, who will?

In the worst instance of this, I did "terminate the contract", pretty much expecting what happened: honeyed words of reconciliation that proved empty; then my agreement to continue. In retrospect, "terminate and don't look back" would have been aces.

Re: We lived with a 8.3 character short filename

8.3 predates MS. It was in CP/M and that may not have been the first. Then it went into DR-DOS (or whatever it was called when the IBM PC hit the streets), which was roughly contemporaneous with MS-DOS.

Re: Leaving the Cloud

Why the hate-on? No up, and four downs. (S)he was posting as AC which precludes the Joke icon. Couldn't you sense the invisible irony dripping from every word?

Gotchas from early

They introduced "My<space>Documents" with Windows 95, specifically so that things would not work. File utilities and even some major applications that worked fine in DOS, and worked fine in Windows 95 provided you gave them a file path that did not contain a <space>, were thus rendered obsolete.

I would be leery about adopting an MS Cloudy approach, because Capture. Yes, I use their OS, throttled down, but don't use any of their other offerings [except Sysinternals and a fun music program, long discontinued, from way back] unless I must. In the process of de-accessioning Skype.

Re: not so long paths

http://zabkat.com/blog/long-8.3-path-names.htm

Gotchas, QED. Even when they fix something, they add Gotchas.

Excellent article. I use the author's xplorer2 software, free version, at home. Even in an alternative universe where Windows Explorer were not so dire, xplorer2 is* excellent.

* if I'm not allowed to shill (disinterestedly, of course), please truncate at *.

Re: "this is a very poorly researched and stated article"

"If only" ... that's an invitation to go off T. Ignorant person responding to some perceived fault in the computer(s) at the office: "If only we had bought an Apple [given the time frame, it would have had to be an Apple II] instead of [S-100 bus CP/M 2.2 unit] ..."

Years later, more intelligently: "If only everybody ran NT instead of Windows 95 ..." but still wasn't going to happen.

Referring to an earlier comment, "Gotchas 'Я Us" could be the motto of a well-known computing behemoth, from the first ROM BASIC onward. You have to balance, on the one hand, how many IT people and IT victims have expired prematurely due to the tension, exasperation and frustration; versus, on the other hand, how many children are fed and rosy cheeked rather than wandering the street because mommy or daddy has a job tending to those Gotchas. Not that any sufficiently complex software is perfect, but goodness gracious.

Here where I live, homeowners like to do renovations, and of course they prefer to do the work without the expense of a Building Permit. The City reliably slaps a Stop Work order whenever it sees unfinished alterations to the entrance of a house. The ideal for the homeowner would be to begin removing the porch after the inspector goes to her own home, and to finish the new porch before the inspector comes back to work. That, in my world-view, is why YHWH invented Easter*: four-day weekend. Other times, such as Xmas and New Years, might also be suitable for a Cloudy move. Not so much for the homeowner in view of environmental conditions, because Canada. My first recollection of a Public Service Announcement on television is a cartoon and jingle from the late 50s, early sixties, advertising the Winter Works Program. Singing, "Why wait for Spring, do it now. When there are men who know how." Yes in 2017 you could camp that up, but the cartoon had plumbers and carpenters busy as bees. With plumbers' wrenches and handsaws. Sheesh, get that smut out of your head.

* Not responsible for Theological inconsistencies. </ramble>

You can't take the pervs off Facebook, says US Supreme Court

Re: Sex offenders covers a lot of ground

Reportedly, in USA they load up the charge sheet so that the accused will plead "No Contest" to some minor charge (such as, I don't know, Disrespecting the State Flag) which will result in a sentence of parole, rather than face a tense and expensive court case with the slight but real possibility of a 1,000 year sentence. So there's a plea bargain with a "No Contest" and (if White) the other kazillion charges being dropped. Of course, it is an abuse of the legal system, and abuse of the innocent. Hmm, we were just talking about something like that.

I agree that North Carolina went too far with its law. IANALBIPOOTI.

Mexican government accused of illegal phone hacking of citizens

El derecho ajeno

"Which all leads back to the age-old piece of advice: never click on anything you aren't sure about. "

Such as "Post a Comment."

What a world we live in, where journalists need to adopt the "burner phone" modalities seen in B-movies. I hope they are able to have some fun by misdirecting their semi-anonymous followers. But if you just want to get on with your work, I suppose you use a simple phone rather than a smart phone, and I suppose there are lots of times when you power down your simple phone.

Benito Juarez "El respeto al derecho ajeno es la paz." -- "Respect for the rights of others is peace." The 15th of July marks the 150th anniversary of that quote, featured prominently in and around public buildings across Mexico.

Worried about election hacking? There's a technology fix – Helios

Although the opposite (contrapositive?) is interesting too. If legislation protected your tracking number, could you use it to encrypt your documents and thus evade the long arm of anti-terrorism (or whatever they're saying it is this week) laws? "No, occifer, I regret that I am unable to give you my mobile phone password because it is the same as my recent election tracking number, which may not be divulged under S.382 (2018)." - or something like that. Faint hope, I suppose.

One issue: what happens if gov't X politely asks you for the tracking number? Offering of course to feed and house you indefinitely in a domicile of their choice should you pretend to forget it. Not as far-fetched as one might imagine.

Yeah, if you could just stop writing those Y2K compliance reports, that would be great

Resolved problems sometimes un-fix themselves

Food and medicine here in Canada often come with a "best before date", known elsewhere as an Expiration Date or Expiry Date. In the early times, months were often coded in two letters but of course MA could be March or May. JU could be June or July. So to make the code more readable by humans, they used the first and third letters: MR, MY, JN, JL. Problem solved? No, in recent months I've started to see MA again. Nimrods. No offence intended towards people named Nimrod.

I worked for an organization that offered life memberships. How to code that? In the 1970s, when this problem was initially encountered, it was with the expiry date 1999-12-31. The date arithmetic would always work out (whether in 2-digit or 4-digit year formats), at least for a couple of decades. Of course, if somebody's membership expired on 1989-12-31, and they bought a 10-year extension, you'd fudge it by giving that person an extra day. It was a nominal expiry date. It should never be published verbatim, but sometimes in those days computer processing could be too primitive. The nominal date would slip out, and complaints would trickle in.

Around 1980, I computerized the membership database. I used two-digit years. I knew that the code would need to be massaged in less than two decades. Had nobody heard of code maintenance? Using two-digit year codes was often drawn in the popular press as lack of foresight, but I am unrepentant still.

You wait ages for a sun, then two come along at once: All stars have twins, say astroboffins

Re: Is it not right here in plain sight?

Jupiter's news on the same day 2017-06-17 was that it is the oldest planet in the solar system. It is said to have formed within a million years (just an eyeblink in UT) of the sun. So they're pushing back the envelope towards Jupiter being a failed companion of Sol. Rather like, in real life, the addon party in a minority government that haughtily lords it over the rest for four years, but then at the next election and for the next 4.599 billion years gets put in the deep freeze because everybody found it so annoying. There may be discrete reasons why it could not be so, but in my mind the main reason to dismiss the idea of Jupiter as a failed companion is that it is old and obvious. They would have mentioned it.

Component makers have their server chums by the short and curlies

TLAs - that's Thor Letter Agencies (e.g., GCHQ), in certain parts.

Nimble is the new Tower of Records ?

Could the DRAM have been slurped by gov't dept's and TLAs, stung by the accusation that they're too slow in processing the staggering amount of data they're accumulating about us proles? Shifting the issue forward from what they were buying to store it on.

Oh the irony: Government Digital Services can't pay staff because of tech problems

Highest priority

To pay the staff, but it's still going to take them two weeks, and that's after having not paid the staff for weeks already. Heart of stone grinds exceeding fine.

Teen girl who texted boyfriend to kill himself guilty of manslaughter

When support didn't snap him out of the destructive spiral, maybe she tried reverse psychology--and went too far. But then I wasn't in the court room to hear the whole story.

Fighter pilot shot down laptops with a flick of his copper-plated wrist

fwiw, I'm guessing that 90% of the readers here would be looking for Copies: 2 within one second of learning the scenario. The best stories are iconic.

Software dev bombshell: Programmers who use spaces earn MORE than those who use tabs

Wend

I wonder if, the more experience you have with documents (i.e., the older you are), the more likely you are to prefer spaces in programming? I wonder if the survey was corrected for age of respondents, with the idea that the older you are, the more you're likely to be paid.

I use Allman, but the code I usually write doesn't have braces. Were I programming in a brace-y language, I'd probably prefer Pico. According to the wiki article Indent_Style. Whitespace makes me feel vaguely uneasy, like wasting paper. I like to see it all on one sheet / screen. Still neatly formatted, mind you, no 4K-ROM cassette BASIC blockiness.

Soldiers bust massive click-farm that used 500k SIM cards, 100s of mobes to big up web tat

Too bad for the perps that they are Chinese. Were they born in USA, they could hope to become President.

Specsavers embraces Azure and AWS, recoils at Oracle's 'wow' factor

Hangouts

Google Hangouts, here in Canada, is as free as Skype, and the quality (both video and audio) is as good. It runs on a browser, no program(me) required. Hangouts user interface not so great, it's almost as if they *don't* want you to use it. I think I preferred it when it was Google Voice or Google Talk. But in any case we're talking free vs. free. Is something different in the UK?

Germany puts halt on European unitary patent

Re: "...a complaint from an as-yet-unnamed individual..."

Where is Alfred North Whitehead when you need him?

Ta-ta, security: Bungling Tata devs leaked banks' code on public GitHub repo, says IT bloke

Re: Half Indian names

"Have noticed the same thing when searching MS for help. Canned answers are totally useless."

Agree, MS Help is useless. MS hired tech writers to compose Help files for the software. However, since the software and its associated help files get released simultaneously, the tech writers are working from software specs, not from final version software, nor would it be efficient to let mere writers ask questions of the software producers. See where this is going? This disaster is compounded by other factors. Of course, once you have a help entry established for a question, bean counters say it's hardly economical to hire another team to do the same work again. That's why Help for 21st century Windows can look like it was written (in ignorance) for Windows 95. Not a candy mint? Please consult your system administrator.

PS I have never worked for MS. The above is from inference.

IANAP

I am not a proper programmer. Any code I provide, real programmers will think: "Is that some sort of awkward pseudo code?" Anyway, I scanned the linked article down to the red ink before going to bed. In the sweet befuddlement of waking up the next day I was dreaming of Hester History. Deep Hestory. I remembered from the days when you had to fit the OS, the program(me) code, and the program's own space into 64K RAM, that you'd never have a list of resources all starting with "https://www.somebank.ca/...". No, you'd define the quoted part as $BaseAddr and make up each resource name as $BaseAddr & "whatever" on the fly, this economizing (ResourceListLength% - 1) * (BaseAddrLengthInBytes%) bytes of precious RAM. Well, almost. Less pretentious than "asymptotically". The year was 1979.

I also remembered the Deep Hester of 194? (before my time, honest) when they were able to decode the Enigma messages but not in the 24-hour expiry of each Enigma code--until somebody (and I like to think it was one of the chess players because this is the kind of thing that a chess player should notice, rather than one of the math geniuses who get the lion's share of the credit) noticed that one military clerk liked to begin each message with "Hail Hester" (Godwin forfend what he really wrote) and using that repeated pattern they were able to decode the messages in less than 24 hours and bingo, Coventry was saved from total destruction. Oops.

So using $BaseAddr not only makes the compiled code slimmer, it also eliminates the repeated-handle fulcrum into de-obfuscating the code-that-you-want-to-hide. Returning to the linked article, I noticed that the author Coulls made that same points, inter alia, though in very different words. Whether this actually makes a tinker's cuss of difference to cybersecurity I know not, but one gets a warm fuzzy feeling to use Hestory to pretend to delve into some of the Great Problems facing Mankind in these Troubled Times.</billhocks>

Intel to Qualcomm and Microsoft: Nice x86 emulation you've got there, shame if it got sued into oblivion

Zilog

The earliest Intel competitor I remember is Zilog. Their Z80 (which powered my first computer, a QDP-100) was a better 8080. But I looked it up, and Zilog's greatest processor Z8 (count the zeros: four) was not compatible with Intel's 32-bit instruction set. Just in case we're in why-spend-kazillions-on-litigation-when-we-can-buy-a-defunct-product-for-a-song mode.

I've preferred Intel to AMD because of the perception of better energy efficiency. But reading this thread, I'm getting the impression that Intel is more efficient when the processors are idle. ? My personal embarrassment: +1.

I fought Ohm's Law and the law won: Drone crash takes out power to Silicon Valley homes

Tragedy

Sorry for all the good folks who suffered this power outage tragedy. On the slightly-less-tragic side of the coin, Silicon Valley. What could really make this not-so-bad-a-tragedy is if the perp turns out to be a patent troll lawyer or exec, recently relocated from Texas.

Tech can do a lot, Prime Minister, but it can't save the NHS

Re: Real world underfunding

"The beards and sandals of local councils will weep that they need that money for social care, but mine still has money to piss up the wall on public fireworks displays, music and poetry festivals, "LGBT history month" and many other crappy "cultural" services so I'd happily cut their income."

Beard and circuses.

Re: First of all

"Sure - it can be done but not easily. Best way would be to establish the centralised IT service and then gradually migrate Trusts over as their stuff becomes obsolescent. And that's not a short-term process and won't be cheap."

As a disinterested and mostly uninformed outside observer, I'm wondering if the messy reality where each Trust has its own system, can't be harnessed using Darwin to make a better and more cohesive whole. There must be one Trust system that best reflects the ideal NHS system. Such a system already has elements of scalability, because it serves NHS facilities Trust-wide. Make it the default system. Other Trusts may continue with their own systems, but with their IT management budgets (by that I mean the amount paid to middle and upper managers, not capital or staffing by actual IT people) frozen. I imagine you'd want to start by incorporating one Trust (which need not be geographically contiguous) into the default Trust system.

I won't talk about how you make the choice of best Trust system an objective rather than a political decision. Nor will I talk about resistance from empire-builders in each Trust. Rather, I'd like to talk about the possibilities of humour if the idea of going with proven competencies takes hold:

"Mr. Trelawney, your operation is scheduled for 9 o'clock tomorrow morning."

"Already? That's wonderful. So that's here at Truro Hospital, then? When should I arrive?"

"No, Mr. Trelawney, your operation will be at Aberdeen Hospital. They have the best record for ingrown toenail procedures. And according to the Belfast Trust computer, which has the best timetables, if you leave now for Truro rail station, you will just make it to Aberdeen in time for the 7:30 a.m. check-in for your operation. And please don't eat anything for 12 hours before the operation."

"Not that I'd want to."

"Your surgeon is Dr. Ronald MacDonald."

[pause] "Blimey."

NSA leaker bust gets weirder: Senator claims hacking is wider than leak revealed

Re: curiouser and curiouser

"You couldn't make this shit up. I think I need to sit down and have an Aspirin."

I suggest you chew on a willow stick. There may be a dictaphone in your Aspirin. The Donald's promises to drain the swamp have not included the interlocking ooze of Bayer-Monsanto, nor Goldman-Sachs. No, those BuMG holeS remain attached to ever-thirsty lips. From your wallet to their damp heart-simulacra. Who needs Mar?land when you have Lagoland?

PS: 9 physicians out of 10 confirm that Milk of Amnesia is more effective.

Golden handshakes of almost half a million at Wikimedia Foundation

Apocryphal

Apocryphal Exec-recruiting slogan for Wiki?edia: "The more you fail, the more you earn!"

The biggest British Airways IT meltdown WTF: 200 systems in the critical path?

Re: Sunny when it is working

TSR? That brings back memories. You could also understand this as a reaction to "creeping featurism" on the part of the client company.

In DR-DOS I used to use TSRs to achieve needed functionality on a work PC. Difference is, in that world, nobody ever produced a single program to provide the same functionality.

Bogus Bitcoiners battered with US$12 million penalty

Re: But they'd still be in jail...

"Consider vertcoin, no custom ASICs"

I went to the "get started" section of the vertcoin.org site. After downloading a Vertcoin wallet, the next step is ... buy Bitcoin. There's an unpopulated link for where you can buy Vertcoin directly with hard currency. In other words, you can't buy Vertcoin with dollars. Yet (to be fair). Then you convert the Bitcoin to Vertcoin. So custom ASICs are there, just a layer deeper in the onion than you're used to. OM.

Amazon granted patent to put parachutes inside shipping labels

Amanita

The Amanita species are responsible for 95% of all parachute fatalities.