Re: However ...
GDPR has been incorporated into the EEA agreement (which, unlike the UK, Norway is a member of), so it applies there in the same way as it applies in the EU.
https://www.datatilsynet.no/en/regulations-and-tools/regulations/
11 publicly visible posts • joined 21 Dec 2014
At least in science and engineering in the UK, research funded by the research councils and most charities has to be made available freely. This is also a requirement for the publication to be eligible for the next REF ("Research Excellent Framework" - the beauty contest of the academics which defines how much public money they get).
Usually the researcher is free to self-publish a pre-final version, usually the one after peer-review, but before the copyright gets handed over to the publishers and they typeset the manuscript. Good universities have their own repositories where these are published and made available, and/or you go with arxiv or pubmed central.