OSS with license clauses like "only usable by small companies" will never qualify as OSS, and for good reasons, I think.
What I've been doing is slap either the extremely strict AGPLv3 on things (so you're at least always forced to contribute back) or - a pretty good way to scare off company lawyers - just drop stuff in the public domain. The latter is too nebulous for legal types to recommend and smart companies will avoid it.
Theoretically, that forces organizations that do not want to play ball to contact the author, and then things like dual licensing can happen.
There is a reason, I think, that the GPL forces sharing and has some idea of how authors can make money and that's why the big companies all love the "permissive" licenses like Apache, MIT and BSD. And there's a reason that the FSF, for all its flaws, sticks with "Free Software" and does not like "Open Source". OSS makes it just too easy to be a bad player.
Also: Google lobbying the White House is a surefire way to get to a bad outcome in all of this.