this is not a "Facebook protocol"
Hi, I'm a committer on the Eclipse Paho Open Source project which delivers MQTT clients, I previously worked at IBM with the creator of the protocol, and I run the MQTT community site.
It's true that Facebook chose to use MQTT for their Messenger and mobile apps, but the protocol itself dates from 1999 (see http://mqtt.org/faq) and has been in wide use for years. So the headline here is a misrepresentation.
The protocol has been published royalty-free for many years, there are many Open Source implementations, and it is now with OASIS for broader, open standardisation so that no one organisation will control it.
If you are interested in learning more head over to http://mqtt.org/get-involved :-)