* Posts by eldakka

2354 publicly visible posts • joined 23 Feb 2011

Rocket Lab wants to break free, hopes next mission is more 'A Kind Of Magic' than 'Another One Bites The Dust'

eldakka
Pint

gah, my head

this week's Queen-infused rundown

I've now got A Kind Of Magic and Another One Bites The Dust playing in my head. And Flash too since it seems apt.

But I'm not sure why I also have Killer Queen mixed in there as well.

Four months, $1bn... and ICANN still hasn’t decided whether to approve .org sale with just 11 days left to go

eldakka

You can have more than one Domain Name System, there are other DNS systems out there, just not many people use them. Hell, having an /etc/hosts with hardcoded host:IP mappings is a local alternative DNS system.

There is absolutely no technical reason another large, powerful body couldn't set up their own alternative DNS system, say the EU, or a body formed specifically for this purpose, e.g. the BRIC countries gathering together to do it, or even a purely commercial cartel such as big (or a shedload of small to medium ones) IT companies banding together to do it. You'd just need enough mass behind it to make it effective.

There are political ramifications to it though.

Avast's AntiTrack promised to protect your privacy. Instead, it opened you to miscreant-in-the-middle snooping

eldakka
Boffin

If @Matt 83's explanation is accurate, then it isn't exposing you to POODLE as far as I can tell. For POODLE to work, the communications between the client and across a network (usually through a routing device or at the destination site) have to be downgraded to SSL3 or earlier, with the attack occurring on that part of the comms that is at SSL3.

For starters, this is downgrading the connection to TLS1, not SSL3, and as @Matt 83 questioned, is the downgrade along the entire client <-> server communications path, or is it only between the local client browser and the local proxy, where the proxy communicates with the destination site via newer TLS versions? e.g.:

browser <-> TLS1 <-> local (same device as browser) proxy <-> TLS 2+ <-> network

But we don't have enough information, at least from this article, to know. But even then, POODLE requires SSL3 as far as my brief research has found, and, since no citations on POODLE affecting TLS1 were provided, brief is as far as I'll go.

AMD, boffins clash over chip data-leak claims: New side-channel holes in decades of cores, CPU maker disagrees

eldakka

Re: Impact?

You'd be better off using early multi-tasking/time-sharing systems as a point of comparison such as the PDP-11 or VAXes than processors used in single-user systems such as the Z80 and 8085.

eldakka

Re: What an absolute suprise!

I agree and upvoted for the first statement.

However, I do not believe the second statement is accurate. As far as I can tell in my admittedly non-expert - vague would be more appropriate - understanding, this is not a Meltdown-equivalent or similar attack.

These attacks seem to be more Spectre-equivalent attacks.

Which is not to say that they aren't, potentially, serious.

Australian privacy watchdog sues Facebook for *checks notes* up to £266bn

eldakka

The thing is, the only lawyering way out of it would be to clarify the exact number of Australian Citizens affected, and influence the payout amount. 300k is an estimate. So they might be able to get this number reduced (perhaps significantly).

But the rest of it? Most of the rest is indisputable fact. Facebook, while disclaiming liability, has admitted to most of the facts around Cambridge Analytica, Dr. Kogan, etc. in the various commissions it's been dragged in front of. Not to mention there are multiple fines that have already been levied by the ICO, FCC/FTC (I forget which one had), and so on.

The evidence is out there and incontrovertible.

Will they have to pay £266b? Of course not. It's likely to be something like $1k per person, which is still $3b (assuming their lawyering doesn't get this number of affected people down), or $5k per, or $100 per.

We can all hope it'll be big, say in the (low) 10's of billions, but that's the best we could hope for, and even that is far-fetched, more likely at the $1k per end.

eldakka
Coat

Re: What to do with all the money

Firstly, there isn't enough money in the world to pay off all the spiders.

Secondly, if we could do that, without the spiders, the snakes would fill the vacuum and take over.

Thirdly, the sea snakes would migrate to the land to help the land snakes, thus allowing box jellyfish to spread around all the costs, rather than just the northern quarter.

Fourthly, the box jellyfish swarming all the coasts would chase the white pointers away, which would allow the salt-water crocs (whose hide is too thick for the stingers) to multiply, making the coastal waterways man-traps.

Fifthly, this'd also free the drop-bears and bunyips, and nobody would be safe if they were given free rein.

And finally, most horrifically of all, if the bunyips and drop-bears were allowed to rampage, the Aussie politicians would flee to the rest of the world (leaving everyone else behind to distract the bunyips long enough for them to escape). You think having no immunity to COVID-19 is bad? Wait until you get exposed to Aussie politicians. Cats and dogs living together would be the least of it.

eldakka

Re: Bollox

It's a shame that "industry-leading" is just a fluffy-sounding name for "we're actually a completely amoral company headed by a psychopath who wouldn't think twice about selling his/her kids to the highest bidder. So you're privacy concerns have got no fucking chance mate!"

We are the industry leaders in amorality, sociopathic executives and not giving a fuck about you, our valuable products.

Chips that pass in the night: How risky is RISC-V to Arm, Intel and the others? Very

eldakka
Holmes

Re: Eh?

I would hardly call Google Search, Chrome, or Android open source.

In addition to @deive's reply, which points out that upstream Chrome (Chromium) and Android's AOSP are Open Source, most of those web sites that are accessed by Chrome and whose content is indexed in Google search engines is run on Open Source webservers (Nginx, Apache to name the primary ones) runnning mostly on Open Source operating systems - Linux and the BSDs.

Most of the server-side systems run on Open Source webservers, operating systems, databases, directory servers and so on. Most of the shop-fronts backends use open source - or open source derived - database engines.

In fact TheReg's own 'Under the hood' link in the site footer states in part:

Your requests are served by a few Debian GNU/Linux servers, running nginx and Apache.

All our web applications (search, forums, whitepapers, etc) are written using mod_perl and connect to MySQL or PostgreSQL databases.

Android itself runs on top of Linux - an Open Source project, without the Linux kernel in there there would be no Android as it is today.

The Chinese (EMUI, MIUI) and Korean (Tizen) mobile operating systems being developed as alternatives to Android are Linux-based.

Most of the network infrastructure these packest are being delivered by run on Open Source. Most home routers/modems/AP's run Linux, as do most of the CDN's (Cloudfare, etc.) that cache and deliver the content you are viewing. Even many of the Enterprise appliances are running Linux or a BSD, SSL accelerators, reverse proxies, 'white box' routers and other software defined network devices, ESB devices, the list goes on.

Android users, if you could pause your COVID-19 panic buying for one minute to install these critical security fixes, that would be great

eldakka
Trollface

What do you plan to do with all this toilet paper? Please explain, I'm confused.

Paper mache scarecrows to keep people away from my house so I don't get infected!

eldakka
Coat

Android users, if you could pause your COVID-19 panic buying for one minute to install these critical security fixes, that would be great

Can't, no time. Must find more bogrolls!

'Unfixable' boot ROM security flaw in millions of Intel chips could spell 'utter chaos' for DRM, file encryption, etc

eldakka

Re: And none of this is important

But this only has to happen once, on one machine, anywhere in the world. Doing this the once, even on their own perfectly legally purchased kit, will now give them the global master key to unlock the local platform keys for every intel computer of the last several generations.

Once this global master key is unlocked, then they may be able to remotely attack other intel computers, at least that's how I read it.

Australia down for scheduled maintenance: No talking to Voyager 2 for 11 months

eldakka

Re: planes going overhead

As the crow flies, it is only ~10km away from Canberra's airport. Technically it's an international airport, but the international traffic is fuck-all. It is the major regional airport for about ~500k people (~400k in the city of Canberra, and another ~100k from surrounding towns/small cities).

It has been 15 years, and we're still reporting homograph attacks – web domains that stealthily use non-Latin characters to appear legit

eldakka

Re: Surely the answer is

But what if I wanted to go to TheRegister.co.uk and not theregister.co.uk?

Microservices guru warns devs that trendy architecture shouldn't be the default for every app, but 'a last resort'

eldakka
Pint

You sound like you work where I work, as that's exactly what's happening.

eldakka

Re: I'd be interested...

The problem usually isn't the random developers in the dev teams.

It's usually the senior, 'bored' developers who get "executive capture". That is, they get in the ear of the executive (CIO's etc), reinforce the de riguer keywords being dropped by vendors and Gartner et al., because they want some new shiny to play with.

Then you get the CIO's and other senior managers pushing it because they think that's the way to go. No research papers about the organisations needs, just 'parables' and examples of how well its worked in totally unrelated industries (anyone else have Agile consultants come in and use Toyota - a completely unrelated industry to mine at least - as a reference/case-study?). No rigorous cost-benefit analysis of the effect on the organisation.

It happened with 'agile' and 'cloud' too. Senior management taking it on gospel that it is the way the world is going.

And it'll happen again, AI looks like the thing being pushed now, and I expect it'll be quantum computing in a decade or so.

Brexit Britain changes its mind, says non, nein, no to Europe's unified patent court – potentially sealing its fate

eldakka

Re: For a contrasting view...

Capitalism depends on competition to limit power, and therefore abuse. It makes a virtue of profit seeking by allowing companies to compete in any market. If one pharma refuses to sell a cure expecting instead to sell a temporary remedy, there is nothing preventing another pharma from pursuing that profit by making its own cure.

Well there is, patents.

If a company discovers a drug and patents it, but it'll cure something that they get more money from treating, then they may very well decide not to commercialise their patent, or charge such excessive fees for it - far beyond the costs - so that very few can afford it. And while that patent lasts, no other company can compete with them. That's the whole point of a patent.

There have been recent (as in the last 2 or 3 years) documented - it's being investigated for antitrust currently in the US - cases of pharmaceutical companies paying other companies to not produce drugs that have gone out of patent so that the original patent holder, the one paying the 'bribe', can continue on with their monopoly.

eldakka

Re: For a contrasting view...

I'd suggest the best place to look would be at pharmaceutical patents, since some of the world's biggest pharma companies are UK-based.

How much of that did the inventors, that is, the natural persons, the researchers, scientists, the university staff where most of the actual novel research occurred, get out of those? I'm sure the corporations and the executives at those corporations made a killing, but the actual people who did the actual inventive work?

As Australia is gripped by bog roll shortage, tabloid says: Here, fill your dunny with us

eldakka

Re: Am I missing something ?

What is this bog roll obsession?

Two reasons IMO:

1) It doesn't go off, so if the apocalypse doesn't happen, you don't have to buy bog paper for a while as you go through the hoard, you don't lose anything (such as going-off food) by stockpiling it if it wasn't necessary;

2) people are squeamish about bodily functions, they often seem to lose common sense when it comes to piss and poo, so they stock up on bog-paper to avoid that squeamishness. I once had someone who pee'd their pants when the toilet at home was occupied (and they arrived home absolutely bursting to take a piss) rather than just going into the shower or bathtub or laundry sink and pissing there or on the grass in the back yard behind a bush or something. Hell, worst case, it's only piss, piss on the cement of the verandah and hose it down afterwards. All better options than pissing their pants.

Amazon staffer based just a stone's throw away from Seattle HQ tests positive for COVID-19 coronavirus

eldakka

Better hope that you're one of the 81% with only "mild" (whatever those are!) symptoms.

Rumack: Extremely serious. It starts with a slight fever and dryness of the throat. When the virus penetrates the red blood cells, the victim becomes dizzy, begins to experience an itchy rash, then the poison goes to work on the central nervous system, severe muscle spasms followed by the inevitable drooling.

[Oveur does all of the above as Rumack describes each one]

Rumack: At this point, the entire digestive system collapses accompanied by uncontrollable flatulence

[Oveur begins to fart uncontrollably]

Rumack: Until finally, the poor bastard is reduced to a quivering wasted piece of jelly.

eldakka

Re: Doesn't check out

Just because the test itself costs, say, $100, is irrelevant if the entire experience of going to the hospital to get tested for COVID-19 costs $3k - travel, admissions, testing for other things, taking up a bed for a few hours, etc. In that case, the cost of being tested for COVID-19 is the $3k (or more) cost of the total hospital visit.

Coronavirus conference cancellations continue: Google and Microsoft axe WSL and Cloud Next

eldakka
Joke

Re: (pay by) Bonk to keep Covid-19 at bay says the man from the WHO

Paying by Bonking seems like a way to spread Covid-19, and many other viruses, most effectively ...

GCHQ's infosec arm has 3 simple tips to secure those insecure smart home gadgets

eldakka

Re: Updates

And Sony classically on the PS3 where an update removed Linux capability.

And Sonos (though maybe they backed down a bit?) where they are making older speakers incompatible with newer ones.

And Google/Nest where they bricked older devices.

And Apple with their iPhone-throttling iOS updates.

And the list goes on.

eldakka
Black Helicopters

Re: I'm surprised

There is such a division.

They'll even go in helpfully and change it to the secure password, and to ensure its security won't tell you what it is (after all, you can't be trusted to keep it safe, can you?), and as a bonus they'll monitor it on your behalf.

eldakka

Re: Obviously ===>

What does it matter the source of any commonsense advice?

This is a reminder of what people should already be doing, not some new revelation from FSM.

eldakka

Re: Create strong password, write it on the monitor

3.) The kids need to learn that mummy and daddy can be away from them. Otherwise separation anxiety ensues later. Helicopter parents do no good for their kids.
The reverse is also true, that is, parents have to get over separation anxiety from their children. Which having a remotely accessible monitor isn't going to do.

Is that a typo? Oh, it's not a typo. Ampere really is touting an 80-core 64-bit 7nm Arm server processor dubbed Altra

eldakka
Pint

Re: Late

Interesting links, have a (see icon)

If you're writing code in Python, JavaScript, Java and PHP, relax. The hot trendy languages are still miles behind, this survey says

eldakka

Re: "2GB RAM [...] is pretty constrained these days even for a phone"

If you notice the icon, and read the post in relation to @Dan 55's post, the reply is more playing with the fact that @Dan 55 used 16Gb and 512Gb, which is Gigabits, for a notebook, a Pixelbook, which translated into GigaBytes is 2GB and 64GB. Whereas they probably meant - but typo'ed - 16GB and 512GB.

eldakka
Coat

Re: Fuchs-ya

You can run the build on a Pixelbook which has 16Gb of RAM and 512Gb of storage, which is worse than the build machine.

That's not bad, 2GB RAM and 64GB storage is pretty constrained these days even for a phone.

IBM exec told that High Court evidence in Co-Op Insurance case wasn't 'truth, whole truth, and nothing but the truth'

eldakka

Oh now I understand Agile

a £175m ($225m) Agile platform contract
It refers to what the contractors/developers have to be to avoid the fallout of the failed - but paid for - project. If they get paid and avoid the fallout, it has been a successful Agile project from their perspective.

eldakka

Re: ...and then there's the "modern approach.....

"Working software is the primary measure of progress."
I note that missing from that item is anything saying that it has to be useful to the customer working software ...

If it's Goodenough for me, it's Goodenough for you: Canuck utility biz goes all in on solid-state glass battery boffinry

eldakka

Re: Still a problem though

And further to this, if these batteries can be charged in minutes, with the 10's of thousands recharge cycles, then the required battery range of many commuter vehicles could be reduced, due to being able to charge it in minutes, and a smaller battery even less minutes, thus reducing the size and weight of batteries required on the vehicles, thus improving vehicle efficiency (less weight to push around).

This would apply for the vast majority of vehicles that never leave the cities or diverge from major highways. But it doesn't really apply to vehicles that need a long range, that tend to travel more remote routes that have less access to recharge points, e.g. 'outback' travel to remote towns/cities/farms/science stations, etc.

eldakka
Coat

Re: Still a problem though

What a shocking development.

Your phone wakes up. Its assistant starts reading out your text messages. To everyone around. You panic. How? Ultrasonic waves

eldakka
Black Helicopters

Re: Begs the question...

Maybe it's "working as intended"?

There have been cases of apps being able to listen for specific signals from broadcast TV, mostly used for marketing/advertising/profiling purposes. So perhaps this is an intended capability of the device for use in those types of situations?

eldakka
Coat

Re: Stupid millennial pranks

And kids today aren't smart enough to wear masks that cover their face & hair
But if they cover their face, how are they going to unlock their phone to record the prank so they can post it on Facbeook, Youtube and all the other social media outlets they use? And they need to have their face seen in the video of the prank to prove that they did it.

Sophos was gearing up for a private life – then someone remembered the bike scheme

eldakka
Angel

Re: Well that's embarrassing

"The objective of the club is to promote intercourse between members."
What club did you say this was again?

Asking for a friend.

Nokia said to be considering sale or merger as profits tank

eldakka

I'd think Nokia would be an interesting purchase for those companies trying to break Qualcomm's stranglehold. Apple, Samsung, even Intel (though they sold their 5g modem interests to Apple already I believe?) just to get their hands on Nokia's 5G patents to use to battle Qualcomm and its predatory 5G patent licensing strategy around modems and related technologies.

If you're serious about browser privacy, you should probably pass on Edge or Yandex, claims Dublin professor

eldakka

Re: Hardware IDs

If you really want, you can set it up to create a new value on every reboot.

Although, it seems it is only strictly necessary to reboot on changing the /etc/machine-id if you use D-Bus (if you use systemd, you are using d-bus) because d-bus uses it as a machine identifier (duh!) for the bus on the local machine for IPC (Inter-Process Communication).

eldakka
Devil

Oh my god, how about a plugin that can share ID's with other random users? Therefore when an ID is created on a browser, it gets put into a central or shared ID pool, which the plugin can then randomly pull from. Therefore each request sends a different pre-existing random ID of another user.

That'll pollute their tracking data.

eldakka
Facepalm

Re: Didn't test...

Since Opera are the proxy operators, Opera will still get all the data they want from the proxy server. So the browser sends unique ID, referer and user-agent strings to the proxy, which Opera can then pick up from the proxy before stripping off for forwarding onto the destination site. And, since it's Opera's proxy, they can customise it how they want, therefore any extra HTTP header information in Opera requests (the aforementioned unique IDs, referers, user-agent, etc.) might not get stripped by the proxy, they could still be forwarded to the eventual recipient, perhaps even conditionally based on contracts Opera could have with certain end-points. Just because you are using 'a' proxy, doesn't mean that it is stripping off everything you'd expect an impartial 3rd-party proxy provider using unmodified open source software (e.g. squid) to do.

I'm not saying that Opera are doing this, I'm saying that relying on a proxy (or even VPN) operated by the browser vendor to prevent the browser vendor from getting this extra information from their own browser is, well, crazy.

eldakka

Re: Actual data transmissions.

In this case (mostly), 'more' requests == more granular data.

For example, where they said edge sent every keystroke typed into the address bar. Which means it gets even aborted (deleted/corrected) typed in data.

e.g. pornhub^H^H^H^H^H^H^Htheregiser

Since edge sends every keystroke, Microsoft will know that you were at least considering going to pornhub, then changed your mind and decided to go to the register instead.

Of course, they could have still sent all that information as a single 'bundle' of information, but the generality is that usually more frequent data transmission is more granular data.

It's Terpin time: Bloke who was SIM jacked twice by Bitcoin thieves gets green light to sue telco for millions

eldakka

Re: The first thing you do when arresting Bruce Schneier is shave off his beard...

Not if you self-tattoo. Tattoo equipment (at its most basic a toothpick and a source of ink, like a ballpoint pen) isn't exactly restricted or hard-to-get equipment. I had a friend that had a professional tattoo 'gun' and needles at home. And this is just some characters that any unskilled, unartistic person (like me!) could do, not artwork (well, unless you wanted to also implement steganography).

'I give fusion power a higher chance of succeeding than quantum computing' says the R in the RSA crypto-algorithm

eldakka
Facepalm

Re: Forgotten what?

plus sanctions on those who discriminate
That's worked well for defeating racism, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, the gender pay gap, from the workplace.

Oh wait, it hasn't.

eldakka
FAIL

Re: Glib rejoinder

... they only have 'theories' ...
I'll just quote the perfectly clear and simple wikipedia entry on what a theory is as opposed to your completely ignorant interpretation (emphasis mine):
In modern science, the term "theory" refers to scientific theories, a well-confirmed type of explanation of nature, made in a way consistent with scientific method, and fulfilling the criteria required by modern science. Such theories are described in such a way that scientific tests should be able to provide empirical support for, or empirically contradict ("falsify") it. Scientific theories are the most reliable, rigorous, and comprehensive form of scientific knowledge, in contrast to more common uses of the word "theory" that imply that something is unproven or speculative (which in formal terms is better characterized by the word hypothesis). Scientific theories are distinguished from hypotheses, which are individual empirically testable conjectures, and from scientific laws, which are descriptive accounts of the way nature behaves under certain conditions.

MWC now stands for Mighty Wallet Crusher? Smaller firms counting the cost after mobile industry event scrapped

eldakka
Pirate

Re: Opportunity, Matey!

When no one turns up positive during the cruise, all's well and admittance assured!
Because anyone who comes down ill is forced to walk the plank!

Would-be .org gobbler Ethos Capital promises to keep prices down in last-ditch effort to keep $1.1bn deal alive

eldakka

Re: Doubling the price?

Since inflation is closer to 2% than 10%, thus leading to a potential pricing increase of 4-5 times inflation, how can this be considered as tracking with inflation?

Firefox now defaults to DNS-over-HTTPS for US netizens and some are dischuffed about this

eldakka

Re: Thank goodness we can turn it off...

I also detest searches from the address bar, however most browsers (including Chrome) allow you to turn off address bar searches, which is what I do.

World Wide Web's Sir Tim swells his let's-remake-the-internet startup with Bruce Schneier, fellow tech experts

eldakka
Holmes

Inrupt promises a pro-privacy solution to managing, protecting personal data
There is an obvious solution to this problem.

If you didn't collect personal data, then there'd be no need to manage or protect it.

QED.

Samsung cops to data leak after unsolicited '1/1' Find my Mobile push notification

eldakka

Re: Lost in Translation

Perhaps the original phrase was in terms of percent rather than overall numbers.
If that was the case, I would have expected different phrasing, like "a small proportion" or "a small percentage". To me, at least, a "small number" is referring to absolute quantity terms, not relative proportions.

AMD takes a bite out of Intel's PC market share across Europe amid microprocessor shortages, rising Ryzen

eldakka

In what way is it time consuiming? It takes just as long to buy an AMD based PC as an Intel one, ditto installing Windows, apps, etc. Other than creating a new master image with the required drivers I don't see what is different and you would need to do that for a new range of Intel based PCs anyway.
It's a little more complex than that at a large enterprise.

New hardware means new drivers as you pointed out, which is for all intents and purposes a new O/S from a SOE (Standard Operating Environment) point of view. You have to build a new SOE (master O/S image with drivers and other required software). As part of building that new SOE, all the apps used by the enterprise will have to be certified for the new SOE - will third-party vendors support that software on a non-intel PC - that's not as silly as it sounds in the Enterprise, paid support space. They also have to support the new SOE. There will be different support processes (i.e. different error messages that will need new or updated support flowcharts, documentation, wiki entries, etc. for the non-technical frontline helpdesky people). New hardware to support, so instead of having 30k desktop of poduct X that all use the same BIOS/UEFI firmware images, drivers, installation routines, patches, etc., now they could have 20k product X and 10k product Y that also has to have the same effort put in (i.e. rather than effort X, it's now effort X + effort Y).

You are right in saying it is no different when doing a major desktop replacement, going between generations, where you'll have a desktop replacement program and for a year or two you'd have to support both as the migration progresses. But those are usually planned and budgeted process. The issue here is that this is an unplanned, un-budgeted situation. This could be happening mid-cycle, i.e. they expected (and budgeted for) only be supporting X, but because of the chip shortages they can't get any more (or enough) system X's for their current needs, so if they want to have enough desktops, they have to get system Y at a time in their budgeting cycle they hadn't budgeted to have to support two systems, so they might have to support 25k X's and 5k Y's, each of which take the same SOE-building and certification effort.

Or, even worse, they already were in the middle of a desktop replacement cycle, having to support (Intel) X and Y systems, but they are unable to get enough Y's to finish the migration, or enough X's to offset the Y deficit, therefore they now have to get (AMD) Z's to create a 3rd SOE and use Z's to complete the replacement of their outdated X systems. So now during their aborted Y migration, where they've had to substitute unfilled Y orders for Z's, they might have to be support 10k unreplaced X's which are being replaced by Z's, 15k Y's which they can't get any more of, and 5k Z's (whilch will eventually be 15k once all remaining X's have been replaced with Z's). So they've had to build an additional SOE on top of what they budgeted ($100k+, possibly way more) plus support three, rather than 2, SOEs during this transition. Which means instead of supporting just one SOE/firmware system for the 3 years between cycles when the replacement is completed to the beginning of the next replacement cycle, i.e. just Y, they now have to support Y and Z for the rest of the 3-year cycle until they can do a full refresh of only 1 type of platform - during which time they'd again have to support 3 SOEs until they'd done a refresh of Y+Z with a single new type of system.

When you are talking large corporations, thousands, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of desktops, it's a bit different then just going down to the local computer store, ordering 20 computers to pickup next week, and replacing all 20 of your business computers in one weekend with a single office IT nerd instead of a dedicated IT team doing all the work ...