BlueFrag
Android 8 and 9 are vulnerable to BlueFrag. That can steal personal data without the owner clicking anything. Android 10 is also affected but it only crashes Bluetooth, no data is stolen.
This is not directly related to the NHS app or Google's alternative but it spreads over the same channel. The only mitigation for BlueFrag on unpatched phones is to keep Bluetooth disabled.
The dodgy Android code was fixed in the Android security patch of Feb 2020. You can find out your patch level in settings, somewhere near the bottom usually.
My phone, a Moto G5S, is less than two years old but is only at an Aug 2019 security level. The Motorola web site confirms that is the latest. It seems that security updates end 24 months after the launch of a handset. So I leave Bluetooth off. I might consider short sessions in private.
https://insinuator.net/2020/04/cve-2020-0022-an-android-8-0-9-0-bluetooth-zero-click-rce-bluefrag/