
Petraeus received probation and a $100,000 fine for bringing home classified information. (Which would be a fairly severe fine for a GS-11, but Petraeus probably earned that back fairly quickly from his corporate board memberships; also, a GS-11 would have gotten a full-on jail sentence.)
The only political appointee or SES member to receive a serious punishment for mishandling classified information AFAIK was Sandy Berger, whom the DC Court of Appeals disbarred in 2007 for removing classified materials from the National Archives, destroying some, and setting up a dead-drop with others. (The NARA OIG did not identify the intended recipient of the dead-dropped documents.)