Re: Geothermal is okay away from population centres
You don't bury any heat exchangers, just fairly conductive piping: the length of the piping turns this into a large heat-sync. But, as with many things, you probably need to look at the right scale: because of the digging it's very expensive per house, but could quickly become economical for a "street" – not a very precise measure I know – which could provide district heating/cooling – solarthermal cooling really is cool, in a technical sense – with everything buried under a (playing-field).
As for how much you can store, I think you can use the specific heat capacity of water (4.2 j/cc if memory serves) to get a reasonable idea but the general recommendation is an area twice that of the building you want to heat. For a really large site, it might even make sense to build an underwater reservoir of saltwater which would give you cubic metres of storage. The earth would then act as an additional insulator. I've seen report This might sound a lot, but if you remember that this would also provide cooling in the summer and compare it with other proposed solutions, it's not oulandish, just unusual.
The really exciting stuff will come if small-scale thermal-to-X units ever become possible, which I think isn't beyond the realms of possibility. Then you just do what the plants do and create hydrocarbons using solar energy, though the potential yield with solarthermal is much higher. This would, of course, be ideal for remote locations.