Re: VPN?
Trust? Who said anything about trusting your providers?
Any government with a significant tech footprint and a government penchant for surveillance and monitoring is likely to have mandated backdoored products en masse under their nation's "national security" framework, prohibiting the vendors from mentioning it.
Everyone is overlooking the "Five Eyes" agreement, though, which sees NSA-style monitoring hardware at the partner nation's telco and ISP connection points that feed into the 5-eyes shared surveillance network. Conveniently enough, there is nothing to prevent the US from telling Canada about a "Canadian of concern" and providing a security dossier that CISA itself is forbidden from collecting (not allowed to surveil citizens without an existing warrant, which requires more than annoying politicians.)
The same goes with Canada providing the US with a dossier on some US citizen whose communications stray across the border. What a shock, then, that there are so many crossing points for internet traffic, and so many cross-border providers of various technologies. Even when dealing with a Canadian owned and operated ISP, they had contracted out their email provisioning to an American firm, so all my email automatically crossed the surveillance border, as did any other Canadian citizen in Saskatchewan using SaskTel as their ISP.
No, the question isn't "if they can/are monitoring", the question is are you a threat? No matter how loud mouthed I and much of the public may be, we're no threat to anything but our own blood pressure. :)