* Posts by 0cjs

2 publicly visible posts • joined 12 Aug 2022

America will make at least quarter of advanced chips in 2032, compared to China’s 2%

0cjs

Re: Did anyone say what 'advanced' means?

> This is why you now need what was a decent sized supercomputer of a decade or so ago to just look at web pages.

It's not just that. One of the big drivers of faster hardware is simply how much data we're moving around. Back in the late '70s and early '80s we had video chips with sprites and hardware scrolling and the like because the CPU just couldn't keep up with data movement required to, e.g., scroll an 8K or 16K frame buffer thirty times per second. Now we're playing 4K video (32 MB frame buffer) at 60 FPS, which requires moving around up to 2 gigabytes per second of data. (Generally much less, due to compression, but needing the CPU power to do the decompression helps make up for that.)

The many derivatives of the CP/M operating system

0cjs

Re: Yeah, no

Many things in your post are incorrect.

1. The Apple II did not use variable-speed drives. You are probably thinking of the much later Macintosh.

2. The first 5.25" floppy disk controllers were no slower than later later ones* and hard sectoring was not because controllers were too slow to do soft sectoring. All controllers were capable of reading and writing a full track in a single revolution: this is exactly how formatting a diskette works. Most programs for doing a sector-by-sector copy of a disk read tracks – whether the sector numbering was interleaved or not – in a single revolution as well.

3. The interleaving was due to the _operating systems_ being slow because they weren't willing to dedicate buffer space for a full track and were otherwise too slow to finish their own processing of a sector _after_ it had been read into memory but before the next sector came up. (The FDC was perfectly capable of immediately reading the next sector if the OS/application had been ready to do so.)

4. The NEC D765AC FDC used in the original IBM PC was not significantly more capable than early chips such as the Western Digital FD1771. The improvements in FDCs between the mid-'70s and early '80s were mainly in integration and requiring less support circuitry.

*Modulo the FM vs. MFM thing, and support for even higher densities, which I won't get into here. Note that the very early Western Digital FD1781 even supported double density because it used external modulation and demodulation circuitry; later chips that had higher levels of integration and brought this circuitry into the chip were often less capable than this because they didn't use modulation circuitry capable of supporting double-density operation.