VME isn’t the problem …
This is not an ICL or VME problem - it’s a problem of the civil service unions resisting any and all automation.
I have too many stories to tell …
Btw, VME had been in central government for over a decade before the NICs system entered service. Oh, and the system didn’t run batch from tape either - it uses on online database. It was the first online system that the DSS could use and had terminals in all office.