Re: The Fourth Amendment constrains the government …
You should look it the other way round. The 4th Amendment implies that only the Government has such powers, to be exercised with the limitations stated in that amendment - and under that Amendment other laws state what are rightful searches and who can perform them.
It doesn't mean that everybody has a right to search everybody else unless the law says otherwise.
When it comes to basic Rights, any law can only state the exceptions to them, not vice versa. Only authoritarian countries restrict and list the approved ways you can exercise your rights.
Of course there are laws stating what you get if you violate someone else's right. They are there more to set up the framework to inflict sentences and fines to those violating them than to assert the very basic rights behind them.
Or do you mean that even the right to Life is not protected but by plain law that can be changed at will by politicians?