Not to mention solid state storage which is essentially RAM, L1, L2 and L3 cache RAM and the weird shenanigans that Optane gets up to. The ruling seems to imply that data is "at rest" so long as it has not left the device by wire or radio. So yes, theoretically, a DVD player or similar is "making a copy" either in the act of reading the data from the disk or when it transmit it to a display device.
Not forgetting of course that in various paedofile cases, having nasty images on a computer isn't just "possession", it's "make a copy", even if just in the browser cache.
Biting the hand that feeds IT
