Re: How generous
There is, of course, merit in competition, even among technological standards. But the "market" is usually not the best place for this, because it generally doesn't look for the best technical, but the cheapest solution.
The GSMA was setup because European networks and providers understood that the IDEN/CDMA/PCM approach could not work in Europe. There are also risks in such clubs that they will ignore better technology simply because it's from non-members. But there's no doubt that the drive towards compatibility through technical standards helped the rest of the world "get online".