What's to stop spammers from verifying themselves
Since Google will not vet the to-be-verified calls by human operator it will employ massive automation.
The robo-caller's playbook
* Step 1: register some throw-away business with Google to have calls verified
* Step 2: verify all your robo-calls with Google
* Step 3: If your throw-away business gets blocked by Google over user complaints, start again with Step 1
In the end, the prices for robo-calls goes up a bit, Google gets to know even more of how's in business with whom, and the robo-calls don't go away.
This idea of verifying the calls you're about to make with Google so that Google can notify the other end of the call that this is not spam,
reminds me of the idea of uploading your nude pictures to FakeBook, so that FakeBook can filter them out later, if someone uploads revenge porn.
Palm, meet face.