Re: Standardization
A really good example is the v.90 standard for 56K modems back in the mid 90's. There were essentially two companies out there that had a viable process: 3Com/US Robotic's X2 and Rockwell/Lucent/Motorola's 56Kflex. v.90 (and later, v.92) took bits from both (to hear USR's response, v.90 was mostly X2 but with some 56Kflex sauce stirred in; I imagine the same was said on the other side as well), and was incompatible with both.
I know that Cisco is one of the 40 tonne kaiju in the internet standards realm, which is certainly a pain at times, because they have their own special way of doing things.... (Microsoft was also one in the past, and probably still are.)