Re: Engineer
Even worse in Canada. A PhD physicist working for the government I wasn't an exempt (ie professional) employee, so I had to be in the union, had to have fixed working hours, had to clock in an clockout, couldn't sign off on the reports / expenses / HR stuff of the team I was running.
Yet a 21 year old "environmental engineer" with a degree in sustainable development is automatically my boss.
There is an exemption to allow professors who aren't engineers to supervise PhD students but it expires and the engineers are fighting it in court.