back to article Your AI can't tell you it's lying if it thinks it's telling the truth. That's a problem

Machine learning's abiding weakness is verification. Is your AI telling the truth? How can you tell? This problem isn't unique to ML. It plagues chip design, bathroom scales, and prime ministers. Still, with so many new business models depending on AI's promise to bring the holy grail of scale to real-world data analysis, this …

  1. Doctor Syntax Silver badge

    "This problem isn't unique to ML. It plagues chip design, bathroom scales, and prime ministers."

    With Prime Ministers it's easy to tell when they're lying. Their lips move.

    1. Dave 126 Silver badge

      I can't help but thinking that if you automatically assign the same Fibber score to all PMs regardless of actual Fibbing performance, it unfairly penalises the contestants who have taken Fibbing to a new level. Some PMs have clearly worked harder than others to advance the Fibbing sport, especially in the subfield of Brazenness, so it's only just that this dedication should be recognised by the judges.

      Giving all the children a shared first prize just for turning up to sports day is unlikely to advance the venerable sport of Fibbing in this great country - and at a time when we are facing stiff competition from the former colonies, too.

  2. Doctor Syntax Silver badge

    "programmatic fraudsters intent on deceiving the advertising industry"

    There's something inescapably self-referential about that clause.

    1. stu 19

      Deceiving the already deceitful advertising industry!!

  3. chivo243 Silver badge
    Go

    George to Jerry

    Jerry, it's not a lie if you believe it!!

  4. stu 19

    Not really an AI then is it!! As in there is no real intelligence.

    Just a program with a large learning dataset The scenario above would be considered a "bug"

    1. Throatwarbler Mangrove Silver badge
      Terminator

      What is "real" intelligence?

      1. Version 1.0 Silver badge
        Joke

        What is REAL intelligence?

        What is "floating-point" intelligence? FTFY ... Oh, sorry I misinterpreted your comment, I'm a old FORTRAN programmer.

        1. Joe W Silver badge

          The all-caps does indeed carbon date you. I used to joke that one of my colleagues was writing FORTRAN, not FORTRAN 77 oder some modern shizzle... (he was a good sport about that, I got my fair share of flak from him as well, and it was a friendly competition).

      2. TeeCee Gold badge

        Dunno. But the ML stuff being described here is more of an Idiot Savant than it is an AI, with heavy emphasis on the Idiot.

  5. Adrian 4

    Cue Dr Susan Calvin

    " We're not at the point where AI engineering is edging into AI psychology, but it's coming."

    1. Paul Crawford Silver badge
      Mushroom

      Re: Cue Dr Susan Calvin

      Next thing you know we will be in philosophical argument with sun-destroying bombs to convince them its the wrong time to explode.

      1. Little Mouse

        Re: Cue Dr Susan Calvin

        I'm ignoring your comment because you are false data.

        1. Paul Crawford Silver badge

          Re: Cue Dr Susan Calvin

          In the beginning there was darkness...

          1. Neil Barnes Silver badge

            Re: Cue Dr Susan Calvin

            "Let there be light"

            1. the.spike
              Thumb Up

              Re: Cue Dr Susan Calvin

              Upvote to both of you for the obscure short story reference!

              1. Patched Out
                Thumb Up

                Re: Cue Dr Susan Calvin

                Many years ago I saw a planetarium show with a narration of that short story. It was brilliant.

  6. Disgusted Of Tunbridge Wells Silver badge
    Facepalm

    Being wrong isn't lying.

    Thinking you're telling the truth but being wrong about it isn't lying.

    1. Doctor Syntax Silver badge

      Where does rejecting the evidence that you're wrong fit into that?

  7. FlamingDeath Silver badge

    News?

    Kinda like Tony Bliar or any number of career politicians

    This computer malarky is not going to end well, humans are lacking in the wisdom and logic department that is required to make this actually work properly

    Even Sit Tim is having second thoughts

  8. heyrick Silver badge

    It's not the AI that needs fixed

    It's the sheep who are beholden to the machine. The computer said it, therefore it is the unquestionable truth because computers cannot lie.

    True, but they can be wrong. Or draw wrong conclusions from poor data.

    Like the time I had to argue with my bank that it was they who had the wrong date of birth noted down for me (it wasn't a number swap, I was 19 and they had the DOB of a 70 year old). I had to get my birth certificate to demonstrate the incorrectness. That I looked like a teenager was no use when faced with a machine saying I was an old guy.

    So, the culture needs to change. If a machine says "X" then understand that it may be wrong. We all have great experience here - the infamous autocorrect on our phones.

    1. Ken Hagan Gold badge

      Re: It's not the AI that needs fixed

      You use "sheep" as an insult but how many sheep are there and how many wolves? It seems to me that the sheep are on to something.

      1. Danny 2

        Re: It's not the AI that needs fixed

        The sheep are onto the dinner plate, I've never tasted wolf.

        My mother's a liar, my lovers were liars, my best friends and teachers were liars. The only person I've known who never lies is me - and I can see why you'd doubt that.

        Maybe learning to lie is an essential part of intelligence.

        I know I've made some very poor decisions recently, but I can give you my complete assurance that my work will be back to normal.

        1. chivo243 Silver badge
          Thumb Up

          Re: It's not the AI that needs fixed

          +1 HAL!

          I wondered when he would make an appearance!

        2. tiggity Silver badge

          Re: It's not the AI that needs fixed

          As someone not neuro typical, lying is difficult.

          I am liking WFH, not subject to the office general chit chat, and so not having to do the large amounts of "little lies" that are part and parcel of social chat.

          .. Far less mentally exhausted at the end of the day (the social interactions are mentally taxing, and the lies even more so (none of it comes naturally so a lot of mental activity is expended having to actively think about what you are going to say so it comes cross as "sociable", reminding yourself to make periodic eye contact etc.) ).

          1. heyrick Silver badge

            Re: It's not the AI that needs fixed

            As somebody who is likely also on the so-called spectrum (cerulean! I wanna be cerulean!), I'm it seems to me that the problem is people wanting an honest reply just so long as you don't tell them the truth.

            In other words, the art of learning that all of those little aside comments that you make to yourself ("you stupid ass, how can you be paid twice what I'm paid and not know that? wtf is your actual job?") should never ever be said out loud. It's usually best to be vague and say things like "I'll take a look at it and get right back to you" which can buy some time to allow you to have your thoughts (the ones they won't want to hear).

            If at all possible, avoid meetings. Spoken discussions are hell because there's no time to think, everybody wants an immediate response. For people who can blag their way through life (most management) this is no problem. But some of us like to prepare a proper answer. Even if we know that nobody cares enough to give it anything like the same level of attention.

            And, of course, if you aren't full of shit like that, you're not "a team player" or "promotion material".

            There's a very rich and colourful narration in my mind. But that's where it must stay. <sigh>

            1. Beleagured Greybeard
              Thumb Up

              Re: As somebody who is likely also on the so-called spectrum (cerulean! I wanna be cerulean!)

              Wow! I've always thought of myself as 'normal' or 'neuro-typical' or whatever they call it. I've never had a diagnosis of being on this so-called spectrum.

              But I can absolutely relate to the bit about what I've always thought of as 'foot-in-mouth' syndrome - i.e. its all too easy to blurt out what you genuinely think rather than what others expect, or would like, to hear - even though I know I'm right!

              I wonder if its more a symptom of intelligence and honesty? Rather than us being the ones with a so-called 'disorder', its actually all the other idiots an liars who have the problem!

              1. heyrick Silver badge
                Thumb Up

                Re: As somebody who is likely also on the so-called spectrum (cerulean! I wanna be cerulean!)

                I've never been formally diagnosed, as when I was a kid "autism" was another word for "retarded".

                How I wish that people like me were seen as the sane ones. I look around at the world today and can't help but think that you deserve a thumb up, but still... we're weird and the gaslighting shitbags aren't. <sighs again>

              2. doublelayer Silver badge

                Re: As somebody who is likely also on the so-called spectrum (cerulean! I wanna be cerulean!)

                I don't think it's intelligence, as you don't have to know anything to tell someone what you think with no diplomacy. In fact, intelligence probably makes it easier to determine when diplomacy is most needed and how to encode what you need to say in a diplomatic manner. Honesty is closer, but I think there's another element, namely risk tolerance. I feel more comfortable telling a friend that their idea sounds unworkable because I trust they'll listen and not be offended, whereas if it's a stranger, especially a stranger I need something from, it's harder to be honest when there's a reasonable chance they will react badly to hearing it. This probably also relates to experience--I've said things people didn't like to hear when I was younger, felt the consequences, and became more cautious when thinking such things. I still have such thoughts regularly, but now I don't say them very often.

          2. Danny 2

            Re: It's not the AI that needs fixed

            @tiggity

            "periodic eye contact"

            I had one manager - great manager apparently, great engineer - who was loathed by all the female staff because he was always looking at their chest during conversation. Except he wasn't, he was just trying to avoid eye contact.

            And don't look at your feet, or their feet, for some reason that is negative. Look at their hair, or just above their head, for some reason that is positive.

            Wanting to work from home is not atypical, everyone except extreme extroverts wants to work from home. I wear a face mask on video calls, no real excuse, just used to it. I claim to have sickly house guests.

        3. GrahamRJ

          Re: It's not the AI that needs fixed

          My gran had a wolfskin coat. (I never asked about red riding hoods.) Don't confuse a feeling of superiority with getting a different outcome.

    2. Doctor Syntax Silver badge

      Re: It's not the AI that needs fixed

      "I had to get my birth certificate to demonstrate the incorrectness."

      And the birth certificate isn't proof of identity of its bearer. The bank was selecting the wrong source of data.

      I take it this was some time ago as (a) finding a bank branch is hard enough now and (b) finding that the bank staff are sufficiently empowered to fix their mistakes is virtually unknown.

      1. heyrick Silver badge
        Thumb Up

        Re: It's not the AI that needs fixed

        Yes, it was about three decades ago, the tail end of when it was possible to talk to actual people who could make actual decisions.

      2. Giles C Silver badge

        Re: It's not the AI that needs fixed

        A birth certificate proves someone somewhere was born. Doesn’t do anything to match said cert with person presenting it.

        They would have done better with a driving license, passport etc as these have the photo on as well.

        As an aside when upvoting the above post it wouldn’t do it and the following message popped up at the bottom of the screen for a second “alert the dominatrix, the codes need whipping”, not seen that one before….

        1. stiine Silver badge

          Re: It's not the AI that needs fixed

          That's funny, my birth certificate has my prints on it.

        2. yetanotheraoc Silver badge

          Re: It's not the AI that needs fixed

          "better with a driving license, passport etc as these have the photo on as well"

          Well someone accepted a birth certificate for producing one of these "better" documents, so that just kicks the trust can down the road. No doubt the bank employee knew a mistake had been made, but they can't just change the field without some kind of documentation to back them up. In a highly regulated industry like banking, the bank's procedures will even list what types of documents are acceptable. It can be maddening to deal with someone who sticks to the rules when things are "obviously" wrong, but it can be highly reassuring in scenarios where things are a little iffy.

        3. DJV Silver badge

          Re: driving license

          "would have done better with a driving license ... as these have the photo on as well"

          My driving license doesn't - it's still the old fold-up paper type, which is still perfectly legal (I checked with the DVLA).

    3. Stuart Castle Silver badge

      Re: It's not the AI that needs fixed

      Re "It's the sheep who are beholden to the machine. The computer said it, therefore it is the unquestionable truth because computers cannot lie.

      True, but they can be wrong. Or draw wrong conclusions from poor data.".

      It's true. They cannot lie, because to lie requires some sort of intent. Something that usually has a real intelligence behind it. By real, I mean not Artificial.

      However, as you say, they can be wrong due to missing or incorrect/poor data, a bad model or bad programming/system design.

  9. Pete 2 Silver badge

    The difference between a car salesperson and a computer salesperson

    The car salesperson knows they are lying

    It's a joke that goes back at least thirty years but is still true. That people believe many things that are either unproven or downright wrong. What is worse is if that person has credibility with the masses - say a celebrity or footballer, then many more people will believe what they say "'cos their [sic] famous, innit"!

  10. Rol

    Truth table?

    Okay, a truth table for all possible inputs to demonstrate the output is correct is practically impossible for large complex stuff like this, but a truth table within the scope of the current input, deviating by just a couple of increments, to test the output is also within a couple of increments would at least suggest all seems well, and assure you this particular scenario of inputs has not triggered a backdoor.

    So, I suppose in a real world case, where you have Bobby Bobsworthington-Smythe, white, 35 year old male, single, renting, earning £20,000/annum in a temp role. The test to see if the outcome of his mortgage application follows the algorithm as expected is to tweak one of the inputs slightly and run it again, then repeat with another tweak........ All the outputs should be within the scope of the first output, and if not, flagged for review.

    Obviously, the output to this scenario is an instant refusal for a mortgage followed by passing his details on to every credit card company on the planet, for a small fee, as he's clearly open to the prospect of eating today and praying he can pay for it tomorrow - hell he might even turn the economy7 heating on for half an hour to dry the damp ridden walls in his overpriced shithole of a flat...err... sorry what were we talking about? Oh yes AI and how it's going to fuck us all up, and not just those who are already fucked.

    1. stiine Silver badge

      Re: Truth table?

      So, when will the Bene Geserit (sp?) come on the scene?

      1. Benegesserict Cumbersomberbatch Silver badge

        Re: Truth table?

        Who, me?

    2. yetanotheraoc Silver badge

      Re: Truth table?

      "The test to see if the outcome of his mortgage application follows the algorithm as expected is to tweak one of the inputs slightly and run it again, then repeat with another tweak........"

      Unfortunately this is how mortgage applications are done, enough tweaks to enable taking the upfront fee, and let the underwriters deal with the fallout.

      1. Beleagured Greybeard
        Coat

        Re: "tweak one of the inputs slightly and run it again"

        Kobayashi Maru

    3. Filippo Silver badge

      Re: Truth table?

      A truth table won't save you from the kind of attack described in the article. It works by implanting a special response for specific inputs - something like "applying for a mortgage of £35076,56", with the special response not getting triggered for a mortgage of £35076,55 or £35076,57. And you can't test literally every possible input.

      1. Rol

        Re: Truth table?

        Sorry for the late post, but this is exactly what I was proposing. Each of the input parameters are changed slightly and run again, to see that they do not give an unusual result.

  11. This post has been deleted by its author

  12. 45RPM Silver badge

    I can’t tell you I’m lying if I think I’m telling the truth either. Because then I’d be caught out in a lie about lying.

    Does that mean I’m an AI too? ‘Cos I have to tell you that if I am then I’m not a very good one.

  13. Binraider Silver badge

    So, like every other model a judgement call at some point has to be made by a human, preferably an expert in the subject, to make up for the deficiencies of applied statistics.

    MLs additional complexity means you need an ever more specialised expert to gauge if it is giving sensible output or not.

    That said, the few demos I've used in person have been truly terrible. IBM had a demo of some elements of Watson - where they fed it a copy of a guidebook relating to one of their properties. You could then ask questions e.g. who designed the building, how old is it, etc.

    It was utterly unable to manage these responses. And this on on a sales pitch.

    Lot of people getting big lunches out of ML, but not from me.

    Also, how do we teach a ML morality, when a significant proportion of the population lack it?

  14. scrubber
    Terminator

    Sniff Test

    AIs are as reliable as dogs. We think we know what they're up to, but we can't tell exactly what parts of the training are being picked up on, e.g. it has been shown that drug dogs react to almost imperceptible cues from their handler rather than the scent of drugs or money.

    To trust our money, our freedoms and even our very lives to systems you cannot reliably interrogate or understand is madness.

  15. scrubber

    This statement is a lie.

    Good luck getting a computer to understand that one.

  16. This post has been deleted by its author

  17. Sandstone
    Terminator

    Just Like in RoboCop

    Tell the AI that the bad guy is fired and let the AI take him out.

    1. Anonymous Coward
      Anonymous Coward

      @Sandstone - Re: Just Like in RoboCop

      Even better! Just let the AI to tell him he's fired and handle the termination process. By doing this, no management or HR person will be traumatized in the process.

      There are two main reasons AI use is spreading like wildfire. First, nobody is to blame in case of a mistake. The machine did it and the word "intelligence" gives the assurance that there was no mistake. Second, there is no recourse for the victim. The algorithms and rules are kept hidden and nobody would have/want to investigate.

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