Re: If you are running an up to date android
No, it's not too difficult a problem to solve, Microsoft manage to update windows.
Leaving aside the fact that Microsoft manage to make a right pig's ear out of Windows updates, from time to time, even when they're not trying to force-feed one with Windows 10 ... the problems are not the same.
Windows is Windows. Virtually all of the updates that Microsoft shift through Windows Update are updates for Microsoft software that has not been touched by anyone else (the remaining tiny fraction consists of updates for third party device drivers that are shipped with Windows by Microsoft).
Android is not sold unaltered by (most) OEMs. The likes of Samsung and HTC apply their own user interface layers (TouchWiz, HTC Sense, etc.) to the software and these too need to be patched. That requires extra work by the developers at the OEM -- work that often isn't done because the engineers responsible are busily working on applying those layers to newer versions of Android and haven't time to go back and patch legacy (i.e. more than six months old) versions.
The majority of Android devices are phones, and many of those (in the UK, at least) are sold by the airtime providers, who add their own customizations to Android. These customizations may also need to be patched and, as with OEMs, the skilled staff needed to apply the patches and test the resulting code are busy elsewhere.
Android is Open Source, anyone can build an Android version without a contract with Google. Those OEMs who preload their devices with Google's Android applications and provide access to the Play Store must have a contract, and Google could amend the terms of that contract to make the OEMs liable to a stiff financial penalty if they didn't apply patches and reissue firmware within a stipulated timescale. However, Google don't have contracts with OEMs that don't bundle their apps, and don't have contracts with the airtime providers, so they have no leverage there.
Yes, this update system is deficient. Google are aware of that, but there's a limit to what they can do about it. They now provide a lot of support functions in the shape of a monolithic process called "Google Services" and that remains under their control, with the result that it can be patched via the Google Play update mechanism regardless of any (unpatched) OEM code that may be running, and this helps but only on devices that have Play Store access. It is unfortunate that whenever Google bring more functionality under the auspices of Google Services they get criticised in the press for exerting yet more control over the platform