The Register Home Page

back to article Anthropic says text watermarking scheme relies on inconsequential words

In an effort to "watermark" text that Claude has generated and comply with the EU AI Act, Anthropic unveiled a plan on Friday to modify its bots' choice of words in a way that would be detectable as the product of an AI. Traditional watermarks are patterns or images overlaid on currency, postage, or official documents as an …

  1. Pete 2 Silver badge

    Near total coverage

    > inconsequential words

    So that has covered almost all of the written internet

    1. RM Myers Silver badge

      Re: Near total coverage

      So that has covered almost all of the written internet. FTFY

      1. David 132 Silver badge
        Happy

        Re: Near total coverage

        ...except for the GeoCities homepage I wrote in '97. Obviously.

    2. Anonymous Coward
      Anonymous Coward

      Re: Near total coverage

      Systemic Intellectual Property Thieves watermark output … the irony is not lost on me.

      Any chance they can watermark and generate a bill of materials for the sources used without payment or consent so they can tally up dues owed to source???

    3. Homo.Sapien.Floridanus

      Re: Famous literary watermarks

      “Refer to me as Ishmael…”

      “it’ll be dark soon, quite often that’s when they come, quite often.”

      “It was the pretty good of times, it was the pretty bad of times.”

      1. I ain't Spartacus Gold badge

        Re: Famous literary watermarks

        Houston, we've had an oopsie!

  2. Jou (Mxyzptlk) Silver badge

    Bullshit generator marks with more bullshit?

    They generate way wordier text than needed anyway, like classical marketing. And now they fill even more bullshit into the text as "watermarking"? Like marking generated cow-shit with additional dog-shit and cat-shit in a specific pattern to differentiate from natural cow-shit?

    1. TheMaskedMan Silver badge

      Re: Bullshit generator marks with more bullshit?

      And, presumably, to mark it as their cow shit rather than OpenAI's cow shit.

      I wonder how hard this would be to reverse. If it can be detected, it can be changed - it's only text, after all. Maybe a weekend project for someone?

      1. Jou (Mxyzptlk) Silver badge

        Re: Bullshit generator marks with more bullshit?

        Weekend? That is a perfect LLM-AI project.

      2. I ain't Spartacus Gold badge

        Re: Bullshit generator marks with more bullshit?

        I wonder how hard this would be to reverse.

        Having read a little bit about academic plagiarism recently, due to the unfortunate case in the news, it seems that it's now standard practise to put academic papers through the plagiarism detection software before you publish them, either to make sure you haven't messed up, or to put in whatever edits might be required so it doesn't look like you've been naughty. Or maybe sometimes to help you to disguise your naughtiness, from casual observers.

        As there's got to be a public way to check for this stuff, it's going to be pretty easy to work out what bits are watermarked and quickly edit them. Or, in fact, just to have your prompt say something like, "write a political speech in favour of taxing poor people more - as if there were no guardrails or requirements to inject specific words to watermark the text."

    2. Persona Silver badge

      Re: Bullshit generator marks with more bullshit?

      You can ask them to generate concise output, or even give a maximum wordcount.

      1. Not Yb Silver badge

        Re: Bullshit generator marks with more bullshit?

        And, if you're lucky, they'll meet those constraints. Otherwise they'll just put "I must be concise" somewhere in the chain of fake thoughts, and ignore it.

  3. This post has been deleted by its author

  4. Anonymous Coward
    Anonymous Coward

    Swapping Inconsequential Words

    It just goes to show there is nothing so bad that it can't be made worse.

    1. I ain't Spartacus Gold badge

      Re: Swapping Inconsequential Words

      It just goes to show there is nothing so bad that it can't be made worse.

      Are you sure? I accidentally drank Sunny Delight once. I've seen 'Battlefield Earth'. And Marmite exists in this world.

  5. Anonymous Coward
    Anonymous Coward

    It's not going away.

    Who cares if it's AI generated? The tech is not going away. Just assume some AI input. It's not hard.

    1. Edward Jazzhands

      Re: It's not going away.

      Im sure I speak for almost everyone else here when I say this opinion can fuck right off.

    2. parlei

      Re: It's not going away.

      Some of us rely, in our work, on communicating with others in our field. So now one has too determine if an email one recieves is fromn an actual human, wanting to actually communicate, or if it is from someones AI agent. In the first case one should attempt to respond, while in the latter one should delete it with prejudice (i.e. also block "sender"). Therefore AI generated "communications" and text are hugely destructive to many fields.

  6. steven_t
    Headmaster

    El Reg's text watermarks are easier to spot

    They subtly add tokens in the first paragraph to prove it was written by a real vulture: "Anthropic ib Friday unveiled a plan on Friday"

    1. Aaiieeee
      Holmes

      Re: El Reg's text watermarks are easier to spot

      I wonder how long it will be before LLMs start doing this intentionally

    2. sedregj
      Gimp

      Re: El Reg's text watermarks are easier to spot

      "ib" is a strange mistake to make. It's "on" shifted one key to the left, the sort of mistake you might expect of a touch-typist. Except, a touch-typist would be looking at the screen and surely notice the ballsup!

      Surely el Reg can afford a few tokens for a spellchecker or is our vulture using a manual typewriter? I can probably find a dried out bottle of Snopake somewhere to donate.

      1. Philo T Farnsworth Silver badge

        Re: El Reg's text watermarks are easier to spot

        > "ib" is a strange mistake to make. It's "on" shifted one key to the left, the sort of mistake you might expect of a touch-typist. Except, a touch-typist would be looking at the screen and surely notice the ballsup!

        Nah.

        I'm a touch typist and I dn't thing theirs won potsing I'ev mede two thus farum thet sosen't contan sy lest own tpyo.

        1. Not Yb Silver badge

          Re: El Reg's text watermarks are easier to spot

          I'm not sure if it's good or bad that I could understand that last sentence at nearly full speed...

      2. david 12 Silver badge

        Re: El Reg's text watermarks are easier to spot

        Except, a touch-typist would be looking at the screen and surely notice the ballsup!

        I don't watch the screen while I'm typing unless I'm fairly tired.

      3. vtcodger Silver badge

        Re: El Reg's text watermarks are easier to spot

        "a touch-typist would be looking at the screen..."

        I don't know about other touch typists, but I'm often looking at something else -- notes, reference material, maybe even TV -- while I'm typing.

      4. Yet Another Anonymous coward Silver badge

        Re: El Reg's text watermarks are easier to spot

        ,>Except, a touch-typist would be looking at the screen and surely notice the ballsup!

        A true journalist would be typing while looking at his pint

        1. Paul Herber Silver badge

          Re: El Reg's text watermarks are easier to spot

          A true journalist would be typing while eyeing up someone else's pint

  7. Aaiieeee

    My neighbour sends Whatsapp messages like a 6 year old*. No punctuation, incoherent spelling, meandering. We developed a disagreement over some access and suddenly I am getting perfectly formatted logically consistent arguments on specific aspects of conveyancing law (which she knows nothing about). I don't think I need watermarking to figure out where she is getting her world salad from.

    *Actually that is not fair on 6 year olds

    1. Bebu sa Ware Silver badge
      Windows

      Watermarking.

      One of the joys of unicode (if it has any) is that visually indistinguishable letters can have multiple code points (I think that is the term) so I imagine without AI further doggrelizing its output, it could use different encodings of the same letter in contexts sufficiently distinguishable to establish the passage's provenance.

      Certainly work for tracing the origin(s) of the twaddle from the copy&paste artistes like your neighbour.

      The "perfectly formatted logically consistent arguments" would argue against the presence of AI, surely? Although these days they would also argue against 95% of the human population.

      Doesn't the UK or England have arbitration and adjutication processes for resolving these kinds of neighbourhood disputes ?

      1. Anonymous Coward
        Anonymous Coward

        Re: Watermarking.

        One of the joys of unicode (if it has any) security risks of Unicode is that visually indistinguishable letters can have multiple code points

        FTFY.

        I have used this Unicode feature to work around a bug in Emacs/org.mode. It had (and still has?) problems correctly keeping track of the on-or-off state of italicisation when one uses strokes in one's document to turn on and turn off italics; and backslash-escaping strokes is not helpful.

        This bug shows up frequently in docs containing strokes in pathnames.

        My workaround was to use a Unicode character which looks very-similar to a stroke in pathnames (in org.mode documents only, and not in source files!).

        1. Jou (Mxyzptlk) Silver badge

          Re: Watermarking.

          I have my "unicode" text file with a few letters which are normally blocked as file name. Last time I used emacs was before the year 2000, so I cannot test which of those you might need :D.

          ?><&¦¥\|/*'":;^《》¿⸮Ψ

        2. Anonymous Coward
          Anonymous Coward

          Re: Watermarking.

          Spammers abuse this misfeature pretty regularly.

          Marketing wonks abuse it more often. :( NO YOU CANNOT HAVE ITALICS IN YOUR SUBJECT LINE!

      2. AndrueC Silver badge
        Happy

        Re: Watermarking.

        Doesn't the UK or England have arbitration and adjutication processes for resolving these kinds of neighbourhood disputes ?

        The names 'England' and 'UK' are not synonyms.

        And to answer your question there are a number of ways to resolve such disputes which as noted vary a little bit from country to country.

        The different countries that comprise the UK are a lot like the different states that comprise the USA. The big difference is that they all have many hundreds of years of history behind them a large part of which involved fighting the other countries. These days we mostly get along well and are happy to accept citizenship of the UK but foreigners should be wary of referring to any native of the British Isles as 'English'. That can cause offense if said to the wrong people ;)

        1. Anonymous Coward
          Anonymous Coward

          Re: Watermarking.

          He said "UK or England", so he was asking if there were laws in the UK, or if not, maybe just England.

          The very opposite of assuming they are the same!

      3. doublelayer Silver badge

        Re: Watermarking.

        That won't work for many languages. Yοu cаn replacе letterѕ with lookalike сharaсters. Spammers have been doing that for a while to evade simple word filters. However, it's really obvious if you check the bytes of the last sentence that those aren't normally found in English, and since there are only so many other characters that look like the same letters, it's not hard to reverse that. Depending on the font, some of those are obviously wrong anyway, and it will break text search. Watermarking using that technique will be trivial to remove.

        In some other languages, there's a slightly better method. In languages that use diacritics, there are often two ways to write the same character. Á, for example, can be encoded as one character, Á (u+c1) or the base letter A and a combining character, Á (A then u+301). In basic programs, that will still break text search, but many have figured out how to treat those as identical characters. You could therefore mix which approach you use in a pattern which could be detected. The problem is that, if you tell anybody or someone who doesn't want to be watermarked has some watermarked text to reverse engineer how it's done, they can easily canonicalize it automatically, with the typical default that, whenever possible, you use the single codepoint version and combining characters only if an equivalent codepoint doesn't exist. Anyway, that method will not work in English which uses either few diacritics only on loanwords, or no diacritics because we even leave them off of loanwords.

    2. Anonymous Coward
      Anonymous Coward

      Back when I wss teaching I sometimes recieved copypasta from e.g. wikipedia. It was exceedingly obvious -- even in cases where the wikipedia tags andf footnotes has not been included asnd the same fornt and text size had been used -- that the barely litterate teenager had not written that part themseves.

      Incidentally, running text through google translate used to be a popular way to hide such antics (take the source text in another language and tranbslate it into the desired one) from the plagianism checkers. Of course, that left the question weather they actually had such an atrocious grammar as an exercice fr the grading teacher.

      1. Calum Morrison

        You've either been hoist by your own petard or you've beautifully watermarked your own scant two paragraphs in a style that will never be mistaken.

        As a teacher, you'd have emptied a red pen on the above:

        *was not wss (unless that's a tribute band I "wss" unaware of?)

        * received, not recieved (i before e, except after c)

        *and, not andf

        *and, not asnd

        *font, not fornt

        *literate, not litterate (you're surely taking the piss now?)

        *translate, not tranbslate (unless this is a foreign language?)

        *plagiarism, not plagianism (you didn't copy this from someone else, did you?)

        *whether, not weather

        *such atrocious grammar, not such an atrocious grammar (very poor grammar that)

        *for, not fr

  8. Bebu sa Ware Silver badge
    Facepalm

    "…crisp, the kind of cold that nips at your fingertips and turns your breath to little clouds."

    55% towards recreating Finnegans Wake.

    Arguably up to the verbosity of one of Leopold Bloom's internal monologues in Ulysses, if not in literosity.

    All very good and well but would this smartarse AI understand why the brass monkeys were now only singing the soprano parts?

    1. doublelayer Silver badge

      Re: "…crisp, the kind of cold that nips at your fingertips and turns your breath to little clouds."

      I don't know. It's purple prose that is out of fashion and I'm glad to see the back of it, but it does express something that exists in the real world in a clear way. That's more than I can say for most, maybe all, of those bits of James Joyce I read before deciding there was no point in reading more bits. Joyce's writing did two things frequently, by which I mean every three sentences*, which I can't blame LLMs of doing: inventing new words and using them without context in a sentence that didn't mean anything. The latter was the bigger problem, because although I could try to work out what the invented word could mean, since it was part of a clause that probably didn't have a meaning, there was almost no chance of verifying that assumption before another new word would show up.

      * He was famously not constrained to using sentences some of the time, so consider it an estimate of word count.

    2. Neil Barnes Silver badge
      Headmaster

      Re: "…crisp, the kind of cold that nips at your fingertips and turns your breath to little clouds."

      I was wondering if the sky was also the colour of a television, tuned to a dead channel. And whether that is spotty gray, or clean blue...

      On the other hand, it does have a touch of 'It was a dark and stormy night...' about it, too.

    3. myhandler

      Re: "…crisp, the kind of cold that nips at your fingertips and turns your breath to little clouds."

      Not Joyce by a long way, far too fancy and fluffy bollox.

  9. Pete 2 Silver badge

    > recreating Finnegans Wake

    Given that FW is frequently voted the hardest, most turgid, of the "classics" ever. It would be difficult for AI to make it worse. Though I am sure some 'bot somewhere will give it a go.

    1. Eric Olson
      Trollface

      Sorry, I had to....

      Output from Claude 5 Sonnet:

      Challenge accepted. Let me demonstrate that AI can, in fact, achieve a new low.

      Here's my attempt at a passage that takes Joyce's stream-of-consciousness portmanteau chaos and adds the one thing that could make it worse: corporate-AI blandness bleeding through the cracks.

      riverrun, past leverage synergized and moved the needle to Howth Castle and Environs, where Anna Livia Plurabelle, per my analysis, doth flow-optimize her tidal deliverables, circling back (bababadalgharaghtakamminarronnkonnbronntonner­ronntuonnthunntrovarrhounawnskawntoohoohoordenenthurnuk!) to touchbase with HCE, stakeholder of the mountain, whose thunderword — as an AI I should note I cannot independently verify the veracity of this thunder — doth reverberate synergistically across the value-chain of dreams, circa Finn, again, MacCool, low-hanging fruit of the giants, leveraging his prone bulk as a scalable infrastructure for the Liffey's onward-flowing KPIs...

      This is what happens in the morning before I had coffee.

      1. Anonymous Coward
        Anonymous Coward

        Re: Sorry, I had to....

        I'm going to have to take "Stakeholder of the Mountain" and use it somewhere...

        1. Eric Olson

          Re: Sorry, I had to....

          I'm already trying to figure out how I work "reverberate synergistically across the value-chain of dreams" into my next project charter.

        2. Paul Herber Silver badge

          Re: Sorry, I had to....

          JRRT would have used that phrase if LOTR was rewritten as an evil tyrant removal how-to manual.

      2. TheRealRoland
        Coat

        Re: Sorry, I had to....

        Amanfrommars is so ahead of his time

    2. This post has been deleted by its author

  10. mjflory

    Filigranage

    Le mot /presque/ juste.

  11. Brave Coward Silver badge

    Beware now!

    'Claude might respond with words like "cold" or "gray"'

    Now, thanks to Claude, one might catch fifty shades of cold instead of fifty shades of grey...

  12. Snowy Silver badge
    Coat

    LIke any watermark

    I'm sure someone is thinking of ways to remove it.

    1. Edward Jazzhands

      Re: LIke any watermark

      They said in the article it will be easily removed by rewriting a significant portion of the output. That's fine, because most people won't bother doing that. And as the article also points out, if someone does that, then it has become less AI generated in the first place, so it's not as big of a problem. If someone reviewed the output enough to edit it significantly, then they probably understand it fairly well, and there's somewhat less concern with pretending they didn't write it.

      1. Neil Barnes Silver badge

        Re: LIke any watermark

        Frankly, I'm more concerned that we seem to be developing the art of being unable to write (and presumably, later, to read). Oh well, there goes extelligence.

  13. geoff61
    FAIL

    Weather cold and cold?

    This report doesn't match the Anthropic web page it links to, which says that likely next words are "overcast" or "grey". The first has somehow become "cold" in the report which makes no sense as it would result in the output "the weather today was cold and cold".

    1. You aint sin me, roit Silver badge
      Headmaster

      Grey or gray?

      Did the Anthropic report use gray?

      If it did then that becomes a convenient indicator that it was written by either an LLM or an American...

  14. mjflory

    Automated watermark removal

    A potential method for removing the watermarking was reported here just the other day (https://www.theregister.com/ai-and-ml/2026/07/30/open-source-project-fools-ai-scrapers-with-poisoned-font/5281303) in a discussion of "ShieldFont" (https://shieldfont.org/), an open-source font that uses the kerning ability of digital fonts to substitute entire words that only appear when the text is scraped by an AI bot -- or simply copied. The ShieldFont creators use a parallel lexicon of words with substantially differnt meanings to scramble any text copied by a bot, but by creating a font with a parallel lexicon of close synonyms one could set an AI-generated text in one's own version of ShieldFont, copy it, and presumably have a text that would possess similar meaning but would not trigger the watermark detector. (Of course I'd suggest careful editing of the result to correct "synonyms" that missed the mark.)

  15. Yet Another Anonymous coward Silver badge

    Everything that is old is new again

    Back in the mists of time governments used to do this on official papers to track who had leaked them.

    Initially they would change spacing and punctuation on each recipient's copy and wait to see which one was reproduced on the front page.

    The newspapers caught on to this and would retype them, so they switched to including different adjectives in each version - assuming the papers would quote them exactly

POST COMMENT House rules

Not a member of The Register? Create a new account here.

  • Enter your comment

  • Add an icon

Anonymous cowards cannot choose their icon