Re: Nervous pilots. - frigates
I suspect the real problem is that the style of warfare has changed so rapidly in the past few years due to the use of drones in Ukraine and by Iran, that specifying the threat and designing countermeasures a decade at least in advance of operational capability is genuinely difficult.
Yep, plus long lead times for development of something like a 5th or 6th gen aircraft. I knew I'd seen something German-
https://www.janes.com/defence-intelligence-insights/defence-news/defence/ila-2026-first-f-35a-for-germany-nears-completion
Final assembly of the first F-35A Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) for Germany is nearing completion at Lockheed Martin's Fort Worth production facility in Texas.
The first of 35 F-35As. Perhaps Germany thinks they'll be enough, or can't afford those and FCAS/GCAP. But then Merz has also been sabre rattling about going to war with Russia in 2030, which is likely to be a very different conflict to the Ukraine v Russia spat. If there's a substantial NATO or joint EU attack on Russia, it'd probably involve lots of missiles trying to destroy their aircraft, airfields and air defences. But Russia's nuclear doctrine is if there's an existential threat to Russia, ie Kallas et al's plan to do a Yugoslavia and break it up.. it launches and starts killing cities. So the usual first strike/MAD challenge. Picking a fight with China would have much the same problem, plus being a long way from NATO, a massive logistics challenge.
Which is a bit like US/Israel v Iran. Iran doesn't have nukes, but is a semi-neighborly dispute. Israel's been using some missiles, but also flying over Iraq with their aircraft, which means lots of tanking. The US has (or had?) air bases in closer countries, but Iran promptly hit those air & naval bases, striking useful things like tankers. Those have been close enough for Iran to use lots of Shaheds as strike drones or decoys, the US and Israel don't really have (or haven't used) any equivalent. Plus there may be echoes of Iraq v Kuwait, where one of the imperatives for US intervention may have been Kuwait supplying the US with jet fuel and lubricating oils. Hopefully post Gulf War(s), the US started refining more of their own, but US v Iran has lead to a shortage of jet fuel.
And then there's Ukraine, and possibly a bit of drone hype. They've certainly been a bit of a game changer and allowed for a lot of experimentation, and hype. Lots of anti-personnel and vehicle drones being used, pretty much by necessity because Ukraine doesn't really have an air force, and Russia does. So lots of videos of drones hunting soldiers. Also lots of videos of Russian Su-24s and other aviation dropping FAB-250 to FAB-3000s on Ukraine's defenders and fortifications. Ukraine can't counter those because a lot of their GBAD has been destroyed, or pulled back to defend cities like Kiev. It's been a while since there were any reports of aviation losses.
But that's something friendly aircraft could counter, especially if they're stealthy, or semi-stealthy and that stealth technology still works. Or make it stealthy enough to fly fast & low and ambush enemy aircraft or GBAD. Currently, drones don't seem that effective in that role. Or there have been Ukrainian strikes on bridges into Crimea, which may not have been very effective given bridges are hard to destroy.. Plus those attack drones tend to be large, slow and easier to shoot down. Which also seems to be the role Ukraine has given to their remaining aviation, ie videos of a Mig over Odessa trying to shoot down drones and missiles.
Soo.. I think there is still an important role for aircraft, especially if GCAP becomes a Tornado or F-15 like system, perhaps with fighter and ground attack variants. But multi-role, and capable of carrying more than an F-35. Most drones & missiles are subsonic, so for air defence, need something that can carry enough weapons to deal with incoming swarms, plus the ability to carry a decent amount of glide bombs to go on the offence. Which is something Ukraine v Russia has been demonstrating, namely fancy high-tech missiles are all well and good, but quantity has a quality of its own and Russia has been pounding Ukraine's defences with a LOT of cheap & mostly dumb bombs.