The root cause of the error
* The outage was triggered by a malformed DNSSEC signature (specifically an NSEC3 RRSIG record) distributed by DENIC during a scheduled Zone Signing Key (ZSK) rotation
* Because the signature was invalid, security-conscious DNS resolvers (like Google Public DNS (8.8.8.8), Cloudflare (1.1.1.1), and Quad9) did exactly what they were programmed to do: they rejected the records as untrustworthy. (ClippyAI)