Re: Why a TV licence?
It is not a tax because it is not collected by a government agency. It is a licence, such as for fishing or shooting. It is not even a duty.
That's precisely why it is a tax. See-
https://www.bbc.com/aboutthebbc/governance/charter
The Royal Charter is the constitutional basis for the BBC. It sets out the BBC’s Object, Mission and Public Purposes. The Charter also outlines the Corporation’s governance and regulatory arrangements, including the role and composition of the BBC Board.
And along with the Framework, granted by the DCMS, and exists solely at the whim of the DCMS and whichever government is in charge come Charter renewal time. See also-
https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200506/ldselect/ldbbc/128/128i.pdf
Since our last report there has been a significant change in the position of the licence fee. In January 2006 the Office of National Statistics re-classified the licence fee as a tax. Previously, this payment had been classified in the National Accounts as a service charge.
I can't find the original ONS paper, but as essentially due to the licence fee not actually being a service charge because it doesn't actually provide any service, only a permission to access one. But also defined the Bbc as being a central government body.. Which given the control exerted, it very much is. One option for this Charter renewal could just be to not bother and flog the Bbc off. But the reclassification as a tax also meant ONS had to restate the entire UK Plc accounts back to the licence fees inception.
Then there's the claims of independence. The Bbc is the sole body authorised to collect the licence tax, so is responsible and accountable, regardless of who it might choose to enfarce it. TV Licensing is just the brand & trademark the Bbc prefers to hide behind. Much as it likes to pretend it's independent of government, which is another bit of misinformation. The Bbc collects the TV tax, pays it into the Consolidated Fund (ie central government slush pile) and then government gives some, or all of it back to the Bbc. Which lead to oddities like the Licence being increased to pay for Digital Switch Over, then not decreased and for.. reasons, rather than reducing the cost of a licence once DSO was done, letting the Bbc keep the money, supposedly to fund broadband. Even though the Bbc was only briefly an ISP.
But this is also why there's the usual flurry of outstretched palms for the Charter review process, and the Bbc trying to keep the goverment sweet by saying it'll do AI. Starmer loves AI. Bbc loves AI. Please give generously.because the Bbc really wants a larger jacuzzi full of cash, and absolutely doesn't want to have to <eew> work for a living. Hence the turds floating in the jacuzzi, like Dr Who. Thanks to the 'unique way it's funded', the Bbc doesn't actually have to make programmes people want to watch.
But then this is also why people are increasingly unsubscribing and not renewing their licences..