Re: The PRC will have a well defined goal...
"National prestige and the "soft power" projected by culture and technology have delivered incalculable benefit to the US"
It was Bretton Woods what did it. They told that has-been, England[1] that they were the big boys now, and to step aside and let the dollar take the strain. No other currency was convertible to gold apart from the dollar (you could, of course, get dollars for your Marks, Francs, Pounds, but not gold). Then they could happily print dollars and the US allowed large imports and their economy bloomed.
They made a secret deal with Saudi Arabia that gave the Saudis military support on the back of only selling their huge amounts of oil in dollars. Opps. That put far too many dollars into the global economy, and after the US decided they wanted to bomb the shit out of Vietnam -- and printed yet more dollars to pay for it -- inflation took off.[2] This had the result that a certain Mr Nixon in 1971 took the US off the gold standard, meaning _no_ currency was backed by anything. And we have been living in that make-believe world ever since. All currencies are now fiat currencies -- just pretend money that we all agree not to call out.[3]
[1] Or is that the UK, is there any difference? Pounds are produced by the Bank of England.
[2] Note that the 'oil price shock' of the 1970s wasn't the cause of the high inflation and low productivity ('stagflation') of that decade, but the consequence of these oil-producing nations getting less and less for their oil. So they put up the price. What would you have done in their shoes, one wonders, if you have nothing else you can sell?
[3] So will crypto finally upset the apple cart? After all, who controls that?