I remember when
you could buy/run software without a legal staff the size of a country's dept of justice. In fact I remember when you didn't even need 1 lawyer to do it.
Oracle began incentivizing perpetual licenses in favor of subscription deals as it introduced its database systems via rival cloud vendors, say licensing experts. Oracle still prefers customers go out and either bring – or even buy net new – traditionally licensed perpetual software, even in their own cloud, even in Database@ …
The really big companies (Cisco, etc) who have a vast estate of software, use Licence Management systems to know what they own. (Such as Flexera One) because the number of servers/workstations vm/physical can change by the minute. The even bigger companies use similar software to keep track of the bank accounts they have (wealth management, such as Hazeltree), because when you have so many bank accounts in so many currencies, you'd need a staff just to keep an eye on the millions of transactions/day. Its not like a small office with 50 employees anymore, and the licensing paradigms no longer fit.