"sophisticated encrypted communication methods"
What exactly were these "sophisticated encrypted communication methods" and how exactly was he caught?
A US Naval sailor will face more than two years behind bars after pleading guilty to taking bribes from Chinese spies in exchange for sensitive military information. Wenheng Zhao, 26, also known as Thomas Zhao, was sentenced on January 8 to 27 months in prison and ordered to pay a $5,500 fine for one count of conspiring with …
Captain Darling:
So you see, Blackadder, Field Marshall Haig is most anxious to eliminate all these German spies.
General Melchett:
Filthy hun weasels, fighting their dirty underhand war!
Captain Darling:
And fortunately, one of our spies...
General Melchett:
Splendid fellows, brave heroes risking life and limb for Blighty!
I've wondered about the low sums as well, and a few other possibilities come to mind (not mutually exclusive).
1: His handlers didn't want him to attract attention though big-ticket purchases or suspicious banking activity. This is frequently what puts otherwise competent crooks on the RADAR.
2. His handlers could have provided motivation through veiled threats regarding any relations still in China.
The USA has more "form" in military and commercial espionage than any other country on earth. Virtually its entire industrial base was built on stolen IP in explicitly government-encouraged policies that only formally went away in the 1930s (and arguably are still being operated today. Most of the USA's current lip service to IP laws is due to the entertainment industry discovering how profitable its exports had become, but Disney was still pirating Japanese ideas (eg: The White Lion => Lion King) as late as the 1980s)
"The Chinese Communist Party has repeatedly shown it will freely break any law or norm to achieve a perceived intelligence advantage," As does the NSA, CIA, and FBI in the USA, or the British MI6 or whatever it's called these days?
Any government, anywhere, at any time, will break any law, treaty, covenant, promise, or moral stricture in the name of "national security."