>"Chip manufacturing, as opposed to hardware use and energy consumption, accounts for most of the carbon output," the report said.
Really? Just for Samsung chips or in general?
The majority of chips by volume are memory flash/dram. The process to make them is going to have to be very energy intensive to cancel out a server running for a decade. You can just think of the energy bill, if a chip costs $1 retail it can't have more $0.1 of energy in its manufacture and you can bet the computer containing the chips is going to use more than "number of chips * $0.1" energy during it's life
> For example, nearly 30 percent of emissions from manufacturing 12-inch wafers are due to PFCs, chemicals, and gases"
That statement doesn't link to the previous one. It's entirely possible that 30% emissions is due to processing chemical steps. But that could still be 1% of the energy to truck the chips to the store or 0.001% of the energy the computer will use during its life