Masks work, even cloth ones
No, you're quoting old articles, there is plenty of evidence they work and work well.
Masks work, Dr Simon Clark, the Spectator columnist, was simply wrong back in April 2020. Hindsight has shown him to be wrong.
And you quoting *old* articles and saying "there was limited evidence of the benefits of wearing face masks by the general public" you are both omitting the information that the claim is out of date, and that it was a claim relating to Corona virus. There is plenty of evidence now that masks work.
Your other link is also from April last year. Again out of date, again misleading.
Masks work.
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02801-8
"Face masks: what the data say.....The science supports that face coverings are saving lives during the coronavirus pandemic, and yet the debate trundles on. How much evidence is enough? "
"When her Danish colleagues first suggested distributing protective cloth face masks to people in Guinea-Bissau to stem the spread of the coronavirus, Christine Benn wasn’t so sure."
“I said, ‘Yeah, that might be good, but there’s LIMITED DATA on whether face masks are actually effective,’” says Benn, a global-health researcher at the University of Southern Denmark in Copenhagen, who for decades has co-led public-health campaigns in the West African country, one of the world’s poorest."
"That was in March. But by July, Benn and her team had worked out how to possibly provide some needed data on masks, and hopefully help people in Guinea-Bissau. "