Re: Buses
"As I understand it, the route works normally, taking people in both directions, until the last journey, where it terminates at the far end, presumably due to working hours, or whatever."
But that still doesn't really make sense in terms of the final point Gene made. It's an out of town shopping center - and the bus can take people there, but there's no way back by bus; it goes out of service.
Given that, I'd be surprised if there is ever anyone on that journey - even the journey before seems pointless, because passengers would presumably want to do their shopping and come back on a later bus.
I'd say the timetable should be rearranged such that the bus terminates at the other end of the journey, or perhaps somewhere more appropriate along the route so that the final service on that route is from the shopping centre back into town. Or possibly not have the last four or five miles as a non-stop express, and instead not have it pointlessly go all the way to the shopping centre, so the route can be used more practically by passengers.
However, as you say:
" the company is fined for any lost mileage"
That's the real problem. The route and timetable is designed not for reasons of practicality, and common sense can go wait on the bus stop for another service (if there is one). The route and timetable is designed to achieve a certain number of miles, in order to avoid fines. (And if you hadn't mentioned that, my guess would have been to ensure they get the full subsidy from the local authority or whoever - which may or may not amount to the same thing; a fine being a reduced subsidy.)
So it's probably the local authority that needs to be given a good beating with a clue bat.