That's one hell of an exchange rate
"The award, worth £817 ($1.3m), recognises technology innovations that improve the quality of human life."
Open-source poster child Linus Torvalds, who kickstarted development of the Linux operating system kernel, has been nominated for the €1m Millennium Technology Prize - but says he's "no visionary" and is surprised Linux has been so successful. Torvalds and stem cell engineer Dr Shinya Yamanaka are finalists for the gong - one …
linus was already given millions when red hat did its ipo way back when. just in case "life-changing" in the headline implies, "lots of money".
it's true what he says, he certainly is no visionary. he never even had any ambition or plans for the kernel to take off. that it has been so successful and is now so huge and essential to the tech world as we know it is thanks to thousands of its contributors over the years, and also companies like red hat and google who took it to corporate heights.
on my own computer though i prefer community efforts so i run debian, which is as stable and sensible as an OS gets imo.
Quite - Finnish institute proposes famous Finn for award.
Stem cell research has the potential to change all our lives for the better, not least in disease treatment. I admire and use Linus's work, but seriously now, if he hadn't done it, wouldn't we all be doing very much the same things using BSD or some other *nix flavour?
I'm sure if you would have bothered to research a bit that you'd see that the first person to win this biannual award was in fact sir Berners-Lee (in 2004), who isn't quite Finnish now is he? Winners since have been Shuji Nakamura (2006), Robert Langer (2008) and Michael Grätzel (2010). But let us not confuse the discussion with facts.
I am happy he got this award from Finland, although the persons behind the selection are very international, because Finland (official) was very very slow in understanding the value of Linux.
And as a person Linus is not the guy who would boost about being the greatest innovator in the world and similar stuff.
... but on the other hand you got to admire the finns for bearing him no grudge, considering that linus renounced his loyalty to "foreign princes" when he accepted his u.s. citizenship :)
now, would we be using bsd or even other nix flavor for our kernels today if no linux? that's a tough and interesting question. linux and the tools and programs associated with it grew so strongly because it, the kernel, piqued the curiosity of many contributors very early on, and then inspired people to do incredible work building first distros and bringing together more folk around those projects. i don't know that the bsd had that type of potential to grow, even with linux never in the picture.
" Linus renounced his loyalty to "foreign princes" when he accepted his u.s. citizenship "
But that was the Finns insisting on that - the US is happy to have have dual-nationality citizens and he wouldn't have needed to renounce his Finnish citizenship if the Finns (like the Norwegians) would also accept it.
Most likely not, Chris.
BSD's license allowed Apple to come along, take it add a GUI Apple liked and then sell it on.
Compare the number of people who contribute to BSD and Apple for free (or little) and then compare the number to those who contribute to GNU/Linux and GPL'ed software.
You can also compare the number of people who contribute to GNU/Linux for money and those who contribute to BSD and Apple for money.
The figures are very lopsided.
Mostly it's the licence. A rough summary is that GPL means that each contribution is a contribution to everyone from everyone. No-one gets to take advantage of other peoples work without each party having equal access.
The BSD licence means that each person can take it away and keep it to themselves. Not very social and not very friendly.
I'd say that's the main reason why BSD didn't take off like GNU/Linux has.
Erm - I think you're forgetting iOS, which has literally millions of app development projects, many contributed for free or nothing. (Not always deliberately. But still.)
The problem with the social coding model is that it's attractive to hobby coders who know nothing about project management and often don't give a toss about ordinary users.
There are some obvious wins, especially in CMS, big iron, and web support. But there's also a lot of pointless me-too effort, especially on the desktop. And not so much of the stand-out very cool stuff you can sometimes find in the App Store.
No.
BSD pre-dates Linux and has a completely different development model. I don't think Linus is being overly humble. He picked the right model for the development work to thrive and it has. Yes, it shows a bit of genius insight, but I do agree the prize should go for the stem cell research in this case.
@Dave Bell: That's how I read it, too.
Interesting to see the number of ups and downs I got...
If the award were for technologies, Linus may well be more deserving than the other guy.
Let's think about his.
Life changing... "I did some OS coding stuff" vs "I have stuff that can do cool medical stuff"
The Git comment exists because it's true and hilarious.
Supposedly (I heard it from a guy, who read it on the Internet!) Linus never planned for users to interface with Git directly, he wrote it as a back end for other, more friendly version control applications. And it shows.
Not that any version control is perfect, but my experience lines up with at least a few others', which is something along the lines of "Oh god, whyyyyyy!?!"
But if Git is what you know, by all means, use it. There's nothing that'll make you hate version control more than trying to alternate between similar, but ultimately incompatible syntax and operations.
git is fantastic. The only reason it's difficult to understand at first is that it is actually substantially different from and superior to the tools it replaces, rather than just being a rejig.
Until you realize all the deeply cool stuff it allows, the learning curve and rigor git requires is somewhat frustrating. It really doesn't take long, though.
You might want to look at how many projects have migrated to git over the last $ARBITRARY_UNIT_OF_TIME vs how many have migrated to, well, anything else at all. And how many new F/OSS projects start up using anything but git.
Short story: git already won. If you haven't noticed it yet, that says more about you than it does about git.
Your argument, as given, reads as "it's popular". And I'll grant that it's the current "go to" tool for a large body of people. People, whoever, who probably haven't done a careful evaluation of all available tools; they just pick whatever everyone else is using. So your argument may seem plausible but once you start thinking about it, it's actually easy to see it's pretty orthogonal to technical merits.
Note that I'm not saying it's no good. I've used it, and it's not that bad, but not unequivocally good either; it has enough quirks and idiosyncrasies that there will remain room for alternatives for the foreseeable future. I just don't buy your argument.
A lot of the projects I've seen who've switched to it did fairly extensive evaluations of other options, actually. And a lot just referred to the comparisons _other_ projects had done.
Granted I really only give a flying toss about 'mainstream' F/OSS projects. I don't know or care anything about others.
... and the history of git and what came before is actually a good example. Its sole reason for coming into existence was scratching a very specific itch. Recall that we've known for years using a SCM is a Good Idea[tm] yet linux didn't used to, then it switched to something rather obscure, then it switched to something cobbled up in a couple of weeks. The result is very much geared toward how Linus likes to work. That this then takes off because "used by linux!" or "used by Linus himself!" is neither here nor there. There are plenty of alternatives with various featuresets that could've been used in stead. His main, or perhaps even only, reason for making one himself was because he was peeved, not because he had grande visions.
For me all that means I actually have reservations about using it, though the execution is actually pretty well done and its online documentation (ie manpages) is a lot better than, oh, subversion's, for example. It just sticks in my craw that it's written from scratch by a long-time SCM-non-user peeved with a fellow developer (even though he had good reason to be peeved). But that's just me, and I digress.
Anyway, Linus is just this sometimes deliberately highly opinionated guy, you know. Happened to come up with the right project to share at the right time and place, is all. Oh alright, he did stick with it and still does, through all the success and everything. If that's worthy of a prize, then give the man a prize, why not.
At work we use git pretty much as a traditional SCM system - that is, we sync to a central repo once we're done with a task. Compared to SVN though, three advantages are obvious: a) local branching is teh awsum. Makes it so easy to try something out, if it doesn't work revert back to trunk, if it does simply merge it, b) git handles automatic merging while pushing to a repo much, much better than SVN - with SVN it seemed that if two people worked on the same file you'd get a conflict, even if the edits had been in completely different places, wheras with git conflicts seem to only appear when appropriate; and c) it's fast. Really fast.
Having said that, it is not the most friendly in terms of commands and a bit hard to get your head around at first; but there are severial tutorials as stated, and several more user friendly frontends exist if the command line gives you pimples.
Ask the world what they want a source control system to do, make a big feature list, and keep cramming features into your source control system until everything in that big list is checked off. That's Git. Git has such a rich feature set that it will take you months of experience to chose the right feature for a simple task and years of experience for a complex task. Merging conflicting lines in a file is not enough, as you must merge another dimension of conflicts in the file's evolutionary history as well. Your experience in the first few months of Git will be streamlining the process deleting your local repository, fetching a fresh copy, and merging a backup of your work on top of it after a failed attempt to resolve conflicts. After years of training you will become an enlightened Master who swears by the virtues of Git and sees SVN and Perforce as toys. Or you will smash your computer, quit your job, and find a less frustrating place to work. Probably the latter.
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"It has been said that git is the worst form of source control except all the others that have been tried."
I've had my fair share of problems with Git, especially since the company product is cross-platform and that includes Windows, but when I compare it to problems I've had with SVN, CVS, or heaven forbid Visual SourceSafe...
Given that Linux is here and now (or rather, has been for 25 years) and stem cells are still 99% vapour-ware, I think I'd give it to Linus on this occasion. Besides, what Dr Yamanaka has done is more of an enabling step (using non-embryogenic sources for stem cells) rather than paradigm-changing (I guess many argue the same with Linus).
Interesting that George W's witholding of US Federal funds for embryogenic stem cell research didn't turn out to end the development of this technology the way it was promised. I think we should remember this point in the various "end of the world as we know it" scenarios are presented (climate change, renewable energy, health care reform). I guess "most of you won't notice" isn't as good a headlines as "we're all going to die".
> rather than paradigm-changing
What Linus did wasn't paradigm-changing either; it built on what the GNU organisation had done. Linux is the kernel that was missing from the GNU operating system, and it was written along similar lines to GNU projects.
That's not to belittle what Linus has achieved - I am a very satisfied Linux user - but what he did was to get the job done, not change the paradigm.
Vic.
He did not change the paradigm, he allowed the change to be actually noticeable.
What I want to say is that we wouldn't have heard about GNU if not for Linux. Of course, Linux wouldn't be as big today if not for GNU. It's really neat case of synergy, if you pardon my marketroid speak.
He did innovate. Stallman et al invented anti-social coding. Linus socialised it and made it friendly.
There's nothing original about the technology in Linux, but the development model is certainly unique. What was - possibly unintentionally - innovative was creating a code-sharing and project development environment that leveraged public access to create useful stuff.
Actually there is a fair bit of useful research coming out of the stem cell branch of biology. I think so far it has been more along the lines of new drugs to use for successful transplants, but it still derives from the stem cell work. And I do believe they've had some limited success with cloning certain organs to transplant. Still not quite ready for prime time, but Dr. Yamanaka's research has the potential to change that, and without getting caught up in the controversies about embryonic stem cells. And yes, I'm one of those who is opposed to the embryonic stem cell research because I think it risks too much on the devaluing life question.
"I'd tend to agree, but then statrted thinking "I wonder if stem-cell guy has access to super-computers for his research?""
If you're going to do it that way you may as well give the award to the guy who invented electricity, or the guy who invented coming down from the trees. Neither Torvalds or Yamanaka could have done their thing without the work of others.
Sheesh.
Linux is a mediocre UNIX clone that, over twenty years later, still cannot boast a GUI worth a damn. And it's not as if offering source code licenses was novel even back then.
Give the award to Dr. Yamanaka. At least stem cell research has the potential to save lives. Linux has only the potential to further hold back the IT industry even more than UNIX and its loudmouthed fanatics already have.
As for Git and all its bastard relatives: the programming fraternity has only itself to blame for the continued existence of a need for such tools in the first place.
Get your heads out of your fatuous arses and you'll discover that every other field on this planet has managed to evolve rather more extensively over the years since the late 1960s, with the rather pathetic and embarrassing exception of programming. Text files and a Babel of programming languages (that, for some inexplicable reason, are all aimed at English speakers) are YOUR goddamned fault and nobody else's.
The foundation blocks to resolve this problem have been around for decades, but you've done precisely feck all except repeat the same actions over and over again, expecting different results each time, and yet failing to learn the lesson when that desired result stubbornly fails to materialise.
Seriously, get over yourselves. UNIX is not the alpha and omega of operating system design, and everything does NOT have to be stored in endless sodding ASCII (or ANSI) text files. That's just stupid. Text file viewers are no less programs than any other viewer of data. It's all just bloody numbers, so there's nothing inherently more "human readable" about a bunch of data with a ".TXT" extension than one with another extension. If you're hairy enough to code, you're hairy enough to code a bloody file viewer too.
Now look what you've made me do! I've got flecks of foam and froth all over my nice clean keyboard! I'll have to stop ranting now.
Linus "ripped off" MINIX? Wisdom sourced from Ken Brown's "Samizdat" perhaps?
See http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/brown/ for Dr. Tannenbaum's response to that drivel.
"As I soon learned, Brown is not the sharpest knife in the drawer."
G.
The great guru hackers, the Unix creators, Dennis Ritchie, Pike, Kernighan, etc - have looked at the initial Linux source code and said it was bad quality. Also, professor Tanenbaum said the Linux source code was bad. He says, Linux was 21 years old, with one year of C programming knowledge, and surely the code was just a bad rehash of Minix. There were far better Unix clones out there, such as FreeBSD - a mature Enterprise Unix with good source code.
The question is, why did Linux take off? Badly coded by a 21 year old student on his spare time? Kernighan and Ritchie and them, had worked for many years coding operating systems, compilers, etc.
Apparently, large companies such as IBM, Oracle, etc betted heavily on Linux and supported it - not too long after. Why did lots of companies suddenly bet on a new amateur Unix clone instead of going for the original Unix such as open source FreeBSD?
Well, here is the answer. Fresh research shows that a few companies (Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan, ...) control virtually every other company. If this powerful network decide to bet on Linux, and support Linux companies such as RedHat, then what will happen? Of course Linux will take off and the network will make huge profits. Here is the research:
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21228354.500-revealed--the-capitalist-network-that-runs-the-world.html
If the network decide to support a small company in seattle, called Microsoft, what will happen? Or support Google? They will make huge profits. Just read the research.
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Selective reading is the main underpinning making up the tin foil hat brigade. Try reading the final paragraph of the article you linked.
How far do you think the Goldman Sachs conspiracy extends? Choosing brands of toilet paper and soap? If you are right, we should have lots of empirical evidence right here, IT professionals wanting to buy Microsoft or Sun being told by top management to go with Linux instead.
I stopped reading at "GUI". Which one is that? Media Crossbar on my Sony TV? Android? One of the web interfaces used by Linux based Appliances? And who uses a GUI on a *nix server?
Someone who measures Linux by the desktop (same ones shared by the BSDs BTW) is just being an idiot.
Linus developed stuff on his own desk and it took off and changed the world.
Yamanaka followed the majority in the medical sciences that stem cells are valuable and managed to generate them. He used plenty of public funds, resources and hired a research group to make his breakthrough. There were 100s of other groups trying the same thing and contributing to the scientific progress. Indeed, there is a second group of scientists credited with simultaneous success to Yamanaka. And how much those stem cells will actually change your world is still unclear.
My vote clearly goes to Linus. There are too many visionaries out there and there are not enough hard workers actually sweating it. Success is 10% inspiration and 90% perspiration. Linus got it right!
He just as much didn't write all that code himself, and most of the cost early on is hidden in the sense that people used their own free time that they could've used to watch telly just as much as making another buck with some other job. It's a cast of thousands, even if they didn't get paid, though quite a few did. They also didn't have to pay for biochemistry kit that comes with quite a different price tag than does that one mac mini Linus so famously used. In that sense, both got things done, and both did things that weren't quite unique. To value one over the other that way is inexcusably simplistic.
How do you understand that you are doing something special when you are in the middle of doing it? It is like looking at the ocean and only seeing the sea as opposed to the fact that you are crossing it. He may be humble, and realistic about what others are now contributing...he may not be a "visionary." But if he had not done what he did...
Minix is a micro kernel unix clone. Linux is not. Linux is a great big monolithic kernel. I think the fact that the two architectures are so different destroys the "Linux copies Minix" bullshit. That rant froth sounds like it comes from somebody who bought SCO at the wrong time. Linus shits golden code, that is why Linux made it big. I cant comment on the stem cell bloke because I have no experience on that front.
Yes, the internal architectures are different, but it's a known fact that Torvalds started Linux after hacking on Minix and using Minix as a development host. The influences of Minix (and Minix-386, and the various patches that circulated back then) on (early) Linux are obvious, though mostly trivial:
- Use of Minix filesystem (bit of a giveaway that!)
- Kernel source tree: "kernel", "fs" and "mm" directories
- Lack of raw block devices
- Various device node names and major/minor numbers
- Kernel switching from 16-bit x86 real mode to 32-bit mode, rather than the bootloader
There are probably others, but it was a long time ago now.
"In recognition of his creation of a new open source operating system kernel for computers leading to the widely used Linux operating system. The free availability of Linux on the Web swiftly caused a chain-reaction leading to further development and fine-tuning worth the equivalent of 73,000 man-years.
Today millions use computers, smartphones and digital video recorders like Tivo run on Linux. Linus Torvalds’ achievements have had a great impact on shared software development, networking and the openness of the web, making it accessible for millions, if not billions".
http://techcrunch.com/2012/04/19/an-interview-with-millenium-technology-prize-finalist-linus-torvalds/
That someone would judge an operating system by it's user interface shows the depth of the understanding of an operating system and that someone would judge stem cell research to be more important that an operating system built by the people of the world for the people of the world shows the depth of the understanding of the world network we have before us in scope, ownership, and human understanding of our world.
Of course, the linux GUI is fantastic, I have worked with it and have, at one time, understood how it functioned. But let us not confuse the point with such facts. There will ever be those who do not understand, I'm ok with that because I can find out the truth, thanks in no small way to the man who started linux.
Actually, from what he wrote at the time, he was just bored with "everything working" on Minix, rather than sick of it and its nasty microkernel ways...
Do you pine for the nice days of minix-1.1, when men were men and wrote their own device drivers? Are you without a nice project and just dying to cut your teeth on a OS you can try to modify for your needs? Are you finding it frustrating when everything works on minix? No more all-nighters to get a nifty program working? Then this post might be just for you :-)
Linux isn't perfect but then neither is any other operating system but for the most part its good enough. The by-product of this work maybe more fundamental in that it promoted open source as a method of development. It laid the foundation for collaborative programming projects using the internet and harnessing the distributed talents and resources of volunteers globally.
io_uring
is getting more capable, and PREEMPT_RT is going mainstream